Arkiin Data Core - User contributions [en]

Verb Conjugations

2023-03-08T10:16:21Z

Kinya: /* Tenses & Aspects */

All the verbs in non-finite and dictionnary form, end with -iθ

== Tenses & Aspects ==
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Unitary
!Continuous
!Habitual
|-
!Present
| colspan="2" |*
| rowspan="3" | -igʒ
|-
!Past
| -iʁk
| -ɛʃt
|-
!Future
| -iχ
| -ɛkʃ
|}

== Participles ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Present
!Past
|-
| -iː
| -yð
|}

== Modality & Moods ==
The emission of modality and moods works in an agglutinative way.

The modality and the mood are put both side by side.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! colspan="2" |Moods
! colspan="2" |Modality
|-
!Affirmative
|*
!Declarative
|*
|-
!Imperative
|ŋi
!Abilitive
|ɛhi
|-
!Interrogative
|hyʁ
!Permissive
|wɛts
|-
!Conditionnal
|yχɛ
!Desirative
|ninʃ
|-
!Subjunctive
|yχɛ
!Likelihood
|ɛjd
|-
!
|
!Obligative
|ŋi
|}
If there is the evidentiality particle, it is put before the verb and the evidentiality particle after, otherwise it is put after the verb.

=== Evidential ===
Evidentiality is emitted with a particle, it is not mixed with the other moods.

* The particle is : yŋ

== Feeling & Avatar Verbs ==
Common verbs inflect with feelings. it's an important way to communicate, in addition that the punctuation has disappeared.

The inflection with feelings works in a agglutinative way to perceive all the emotions that are wanted to be emitted.

== Voices ==
'''Kallestiyes''' hasn't passive voice, but active voice and impersonal passive voice.

== Reflexive Verb ==
In grammar, a '''reflexive verb''' is, loosely, a verb whose direct object is the same as its subject; for example, "I wash myself".

To make a verb, a reflexive verb, we have to put the prefix gi(ʁ)''-'' on the verb and then we don't need the object because the subject '''is''' the object.

== Ditransitive Verbs ==
In grammar, a '''ditransitive''' (or '''bitransitive''') '''verb''' is a transitive verb whose contextual use corresponds to a subject and two objects which refer to a theme and a recipient. In languages which mark grammatical case, it is common to differentiate the objects of a ditransitive verb using, for example, the accusative case for the direct object, and the dative case for the indirect object. Kallestiyes does differientiate the objects of a ditransitive verb : The direct object is marked in the accusative case and indirect object, dative case. The indirect object is mostly before the direct object, however the oblique pronoun is put as a prefix on the verb and the indirect object remains.

=== Attributive Ditransitive Verbs ===
The first object is a direct object. The second object is an object complement which take the same case as for the nominative case.

Kallestiyes Grammar

2023-03-08T10:03:53Z

Kinya: /* Orders */

== Syntax ==

=== Orders ===
* Word Order: Verb - Subject - Object
* AdjN - NArt - GenN - NounDet - MainRel (Clause) - NPoss

== Morphology ==

=== Nouns ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Cases
!Nominative
!Oblique
!Dative
|-
!-
|*
| -(y)nt
| -(ɛ)ɲ
|-
!Genitive
| -(z)i
| -(y)nz
| -(ɛ)lz
|}

=== Determiners ===

==== Demonstrative ====

==== Articles ====
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Indefinite
!Definite
!Generic
|-
!Singular
|iʁʒ
|*
| rowspan="2" |knɛʁ
|-
!Plural
|iʁil
|ðɛʁil
|}
=== Adjectives ===
Adjectives do not exist, but a noun can function like an adjective when it comes to describe a noun.

The nouns playing an adjective are put before the main noun.

=== Verbs ===
See : [[Verb Conjugations]]

=== Pronouns ===
{{Main article|Kallestiyes Pronouns}}

=== Compound Nouns ===
to make a compound noun, we have : 1. the first noun 2. the particle and 3. the second noun

* The particle is : χi

Here are some examples :

* a group of people :

== Postpositions ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Motion from
|ʃʁɛ
|-
!Motion via
|ŋit
|-
!Motion to
|ɛst
|-
!Location from (in distance of)
|knɛnt
|-
!Location in
|ynz
|-
!Time ago
|χiʁs
|-
!From ... to
|... ʃʁɛ ... diln
|}

Kallestiyes Pronouns

2023-03-08T09:57:54Z

Kinya: /* Personal Pronouns */

== Personal Pronouns ==
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |Nominative
! rowspan="2" |Singular
! colspan="2" |Plural
|-
!Inclusive
!Exclusive
|-
!1
|sliŋ
|hiʁz
|hiʁzi
|-
!2
|ɛks
| colspan="2" |ɛksiʁ
|-
!3
|iʒ
| colspan="2" |iʒiʁ
|}
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |Direct Object
! rowspan="2" |Singular
! colspan="2" |Plural
|-
!Inclusive
!Exclusive
|-
!1
|sliŋynt
|hiʁzynt
|hiʁzint
|-
!2
|ɛksynt
| colspan="2" |ksiʁynt
|-
!3
|iʒynt
| colspan="2" |ʒiʁynt
|}
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |Indirect Object
! rowspan="2" |Singular
! colspan="2" |Plural
|-
!Inclusive
!Exclusive
|-
!1
|sliŋɛn
|hiʁzɛɲ
|hiʁzin
|-
!2
|ɛksɛɲ
| colspan="2" |ksiʁɛn
|-
!3
|iʒɛɲ
| colspan="2" |ʒiʁɛɲ
|}
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |Possessive
! rowspan="2" |Singular
! colspan="2" |Plural
|-
!Inclusive
!Exclusive
|-
!1
|sliŋis
|hiʁzɛjs
|hiʁzis
|-
!2
|ɛgzis
| colspan="2" |ksiʁis
|-
!3
|iʒis
| colspan="2" |ʒiʁɛjs
|}

Kallestiyes Grammar

2023-03-08T09:43:54Z

Kinya: /* Nouns */

Kallestiyes Phonology

2023-03-08T09:23:46Z

Kinya: /* Onset Combinations */

[[Kallestiyes]] phonology is thought to be uncommon and relatively exotic compared to existing human languages.

== Phonemes ==
The tables below show all the phonemes used in the kallestiyes language.

=== Consonants ===
The following consonant inventory has a regular size, but this collection of phoneme is really uncommon in existing human languages.
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Dentals
!Alveolars
!Postalveolars
!Palatals
!Velars
!Uvular
!Glottals
|-
!Plosives
|
|t d
|
|
|k g
|
|ʔ
|-
!Nasals
|
|n
|
|ɲ
|ŋ
|
|
|-
!Fricatives
|θ ð
|s z
|ʃ ʒ
|
|
|χ ʁ
|h
|-
!Liquids
|
|l
|
|j
|w
|
|
|}

=== Vowels ===
The reduced set of vowels is mostly caused by the primitive nature of the [[Kastelar civilisation]].
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Unrounded
!Rounded
|-
!High
|i (ː)
|y (ː)
|-
!Mid
|ɛ (ː)
|
|}

== Phonotactics ==
The Kallestiyes uses the following syllabic structure: ''(C)(C)V(C)(C)'' with ''C'' for consonants and ''V'' for vowels. The onset can be all the consonants previously shown, the nucleus is made with any vowels and the coda must be a consonant as well but not [h] and [ʔ]

As a reminder, in the Kallestiyes sylabic structure, the first (C)(C) is optionnal and is the onset, V is the nucleus and must present and the last (C)(C) is the coda which is also optionnal.

=== Onset Combinations ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!
! colspan="13" |Second
|-
!First
!'''t'''
!'''d'''
!'''k'''
!n
!'''g'''
!'''s'''
!'''z'''
!'''ʃ'''
!'''ʒ'''
!'''χ'''
!'''ʁ'''
!'''l'''
!'''j'''
|-
!'''t'''
| -
| -
| -
|•
| -
|•
| -
|•
| -
|•
|•
| -
|•
|-
!'''d'''
| -
| -
| -
|•
| -
| -
|•
| -
|•
| -
|•
| -
|•
|-
!'''k'''
|•
| -
| -
|•
| -
|•
| -
|•
| -
| -
|•
|•
|•
|-
!'''g'''
| -
| -
| -
|•
| -
| -
|•
| -
|•
| -
|•
|•
|•
|-
!'''s'''
|•
| -
|•
|•
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|•
|•
|•
|-
!'''z'''
| -
|•
| -
|•
|•
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|•
|•
|•
|-
!'''ʃ'''
|•
| -
|•
|•
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|•
| -
|•
|-
!'''ʒ'''
| -
| -
| -
|•
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|•
|•
|•
|-
!'''ʁ'''
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|•
|-
!'''l'''
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|•
|}

=== Coda Combinations ===
{| class="wikitable"
!
! colspan="9" |Second
|-
!First
!'''t'''
!'''d'''
!'''k'''
!n
!'''g'''
!'''s'''
!'''z'''
!'''ʃ'''
!'''ʒ'''
|-
!'''t'''
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|•
| -
|•
| -
|-
!'''d'''
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|•
| -
|•
|-
!'''k'''
|•
| -
| -
| -
| -
|•
| -
|•
| -
|-
!n
|•
|•
|~ŋk
| -
|~ŋg
|•
|•
|•
|•
|-
!'''g'''
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|•
| -
|•
|-
!'''s'''
|•
| -
|•
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
!'''z'''
| -
|•
| -
| -
|•
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
!'''ʃ'''
|•
| -
|•
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
!'''ʁ'''
|•
|•
|•
|•
|•
|•
|•
|•
|•
|-
!'''l'''
| •
| •
| •
|•
| •
| •
| -
| •
| •
|-
!'''j'''
| •
| •
| •
|•
| •
| •
| •
| •
| •
|}

Kallestiyes Numerals

2023-03-08T09:20:38Z

Kinya: /* Digits */

[[Kallestiyes]]' numbers use a base-12 numeral system.

Each digit is grouped by 4, meaning <code>123 456 789</code> rather should be written <code>1 2345 6789</code>.

== Morphology ==

== Digits ==
The following table shows the different terms used as numbers.
{| class="wikitable"
|0
ɛlk
|1
yid
|2
iɲ
|100
ktyl
|-
|3
ʒyi
|4
sɛjt
|5
slyi
|1 0000
ʒlɛj
|-
|6
yʁd
|7
χɛʃt
|8
zlyid
|1 0000 0000
gɛnyː
|-
|9
ɛjk
|10 (A)
lyid
|11 (B)
jisk
|1 0000 0000 0000
χigd
|}

== Examples ==
1000:

2A0B:

19 A25B:

Kallestiyes Phonology

2023-03-07T10:20:59Z

Kinya: /* Consonants */

[[Kallestiyes]] phonology is thought to be uncommon and relatively exotic compared to existing human languages.

== Phonemes ==
The tables below show all the phonemes used in the kallestiyes language.

=== Consonants ===
The following consonant inventory has a regular size, but this collection of phoneme is really uncommon in existing human languages.
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Dentals
!Alveolars
!Postalveolars
!Palatals
!Velars
!Uvular
!Glottals
|-
!Plosives
|
|t d
|
|
|k g
|
|ʔ
|-
!Nasals
|
|n
|
|ɲ
|ŋ
|
|
|-
!Fricatives
|θ ð
|s z
|ʃ ʒ
|
|
|χ ʁ
|h
|-
!Liquids
|
|l
|
|j
|w
|
|
|}

=== Vowels ===
The reduced set of vowels is mostly caused by the primitive nature of the [[Kastelar civilisation]].
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Unrounded
!Rounded
|-
!High
|i (ː)
|y (ː)
|-
!Mid
|ɛ (ː)
|
|}

== Phonotactics ==
The Kallestiyes uses the following syllabic structure: ''(C)(C)V(C)(C)'' with ''C'' for consonants and ''V'' for vowels. The onset can be all the consonants previously shown, the nucleus is made with any vowels and the coda must be a consonant as well but not [h] and [ʔ]

As a reminder, in the Kallestiyes sylabic structure, the first (C)(C) is optionnal and is the onset, V is the nucleus and must present and the last (C)(C) is the coda which is also optionnal.

=== Onset Combinations ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!
! colspan="12" |Second
|-
!First
!'''t'''
!'''d'''
!'''k'''
!'''g'''
!'''s'''
!'''z'''
!'''ʃ'''
!'''ʒ'''
!'''χ'''
!'''ʁ'''
!'''l'''
!'''j'''
|-
!'''t'''
| -
| -
| -
| -
|•
| -
|•
| -
|•
|•
| -
|•
|-
!'''d'''
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|•
| -
|•
| -
|•
| -
|•
|-
!'''k'''
|•
| -
| -
| -
|•
| -
|•
| -
| -
|•
|•
|•
|-
!'''g'''
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|•
| -
|•
| -
|•
|•
|•
|-
!'''s'''
|•
| -
|•
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|•
|•
|•
|-
!'''z'''
| -
|•
| -
|•
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|•
|•
|•
|-
!'''ʃ'''
|•
| -
|•
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|•
| -
|•
|-
!'''ʒ'''
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|•
|•
|•
|-
!'''ʁ'''
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|•
|-
!'''l'''
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|•
|}

=== Coda Combinations ===
{| class="wikitable"
!
! colspan="8" |Second
|-
!First
!'''t'''
!'''d'''
!'''k'''
!'''g'''
!'''s'''
!'''z'''
!'''ʃ'''
!'''ʒ'''
|-
!'''t'''
| -
| -
| -
| -
|•
| -
|•
| -
|-
!'''d'''
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|•
| -
|•
|-
!'''k'''
|•
| -
| -
| -
|•
| -
|•
| -
|-
!'''g'''
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|•
| -
|•
|-
!'''s'''
|•
| -
|•
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
!'''z'''
| -
|•
| -
|•
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
!'''ʃ'''
|•
| -
|•
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
!'''ʁ'''
|•
|•
|•
|•
|•
|•
|•
|•
|-
!'''l'''
| •
| •
| •
| •
| •
| -
| •
| •
|-
!'''j'''
| •
| •
| •
| •
| •
| •
| •
| •
|}

Kallestiyes Pronouns

2023-03-07T10:15:22Z

Kinya: /* Personal Pronouns */

== Personal Pronouns ==
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |Nominative
! rowspan="2" |Singular
! colspan="2" |Plural
|-
!Inclusive
!Exclusive
|-
!1
|
|
|
|-
!2
|
| colspan="2" |
|-
!3
|
| colspan="2" |
|}
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |Direct Object
! rowspan="2" |Singular
! colspan="2" |Plural
|-
!Inclusive
!Exclusive
|-
!1
|
|
|
|-
!2
|
| colspan="2" |
|-
!3
|
| colspan="2" |
|}
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |Indirect Object
! rowspan="2" |Singular
! colspan="2" |Plural
|-
!Inclusive
!Exclusive
|-
!1
|
|
|
|-
!2
|
| colspan="2" |
|-
!3
|
| colspan="2" |
|}
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |Possessive
! rowspan="2" |Singular
! colspan="2" |Plural
|-
!Inclusive
!Exclusive
|-
!1
|
|
|
|-
!2
|
| colspan="2" |
|-
!3
|
| colspan="2" |
|}

Kallestiyes Grammar

2023-03-07T10:14:58Z

Kinya: /* Pronouns */

Kallestiyes Pronouns

2023-03-07T10:14:34Z

Kinya: /* Personal Pronouns */

Kallestiyes Pronouns

2023-03-07T10:13:53Z

Kinya: /* Personal Pronouns */

Kallestiyes Grammar

2023-03-07T10:13:42Z

Kinya: /* Pronouns */

== Syntax ==

=== Orders ===
* Word Order: Verb - Subject - Object
* AdjN - NArt - GenN - NounDet - MainRel (Clause)

== Morphology ==

=== Nouns ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! rowspan="2" |Cases
!Nominative
!Oblique
!Dative
|-
|*
|
|
|}

=== Determiners ===

==== Demonstrative ====

==== Articles ====
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Indefinite
!Definite
!Generic
|-
!Singular
|
|*
| rowspan="2" |
|-
!Plural
|
|
|}
=== Adjectives ===
Adjectives do not exist, but a noun can function like an adjective when it comes to describe a noun.

The nouns playing an adjective are put before the main noun.

=== Verbs ===
See : [[Verb Conjugations]]

=== Pronouns ===
{{Main article|Kallestiyes Pronouns}}
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |Nominative
! rowspan="2" |Singular
! colspan="2" |Plural
|-
!Inclusive
!Exclusive
|-
!1
|
|
|
|-
!2
|
| colspan="2" |
|-
!3
|
| colspan="2" |
|}

{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |
! rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" |
|-
!
!
|-
!
|
|
|
|-
!
|
| colspan="2" |
|-
!
|
| colspan="2" |
|}

{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |Indirect Object
! rowspan="2" |Singular
! colspan="2" |Plural
|-
!Inclusive
!Exclusive
|-
!1
|
|
|
|-
!2
|
| colspan="2" |
|-
!3
|
| colspan="2" |
|}
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |Possessive
! rowspan="2" |Singular
! colspan="2" |Plural
|-
!Inclusive
!Exclusive
|-
!1
|
|
|
|-
!2
|
| colspan="2" |
|-
!3
|
| colspan="2" |
|}

== Postpositions ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Motion from
|
|-
!Motion via
|
|-
!Motion to
|
|-
!Location from (in distance of)
|
|-
!Location in
|
|-
!Time ago
|
|-
!From ... to
|
|}

Kallestiyes Pronouns

2023-03-07T10:13:11Z

Kinya: Created page with "== Personal Pronouns == {| class="wikitable" ! rowspan="2" |Nominative ! rowspan="2" |Singular ! colspan="2" |Plural |- !Inclusive !Exclusive |- !1 | | | |- !2 | | colspan="2" | |- !3 | | colspan="2" | |}"

Kallestiyes Grammar

2023-03-07T10:12:51Z

Kinya: /* Pronouns */

== Syntax ==

=== Orders ===
* Word Order: Verb - Subject - Object
* AdjN - NArt - GenN - NounDet - MainRel (Clause)

== Morphology ==

=== Nouns ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! rowspan="2" |Cases
!Nominative
!Oblique
!Dative
|-
|*
|
|
|}

=== Determiners ===

==== Demonstrative ====

==== Articles ====
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Indefinite
!Definite
!Generic
|-
!Singular
|
|*
| rowspan="2" |
|-
!Plural
|
|
|}
=== Adjectives ===
Adjectives do not exist, but a noun can function like an adjective when it comes to describe a noun.

The nouns playing an adjective are put before the main noun.

=== Verbs ===
See : [[Verb Conjugations]]

=== Pronouns ===
{{Main article|Kallestiyes Pronouns}}
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |Nominative
! rowspan="2" |Singular
! colspan="2" |Plural
|-
!Inclusive
!Exclusive
|-
!1
|
|
|
|-
!2
|
| colspan="2" |
|-
!3
|
| colspan="2" |
|}

{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |Direct Object
! rowspan="2" |Singular
! colspan="2" |Plural
|-
!Inclusive
!Exclusive
|-
!1
|
|
|
|-
!2
|
| colspan="2" |
|-
!3
|
| colspan="2" |
|}

{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |Indirect Object
! rowspan="2" |Singular
! colspan="2" |Plural
|-
!Inclusive
!Exclusive
|-
!1
|
|
|
|-
!2
|
| colspan="2" |
|-
!3
|
| colspan="2" |
|}
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |Possessive
! rowspan="2" |Singular
! colspan="2" |Plural
|-
!Inclusive
!Exclusive
|-
!1
|
|
|
|-
!2
|
| colspan="2" |
|-
!3
|
| colspan="2" |
|}

== Postpositions ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Motion from
|
|-
!Motion via
|
|-
!Motion to
|
|-
!Location from (in distance of)
|
|-
!Location in
|
|-
!Time ago
|
|-
!From ... to
|
|}

Kallestiyes Grammar

2023-03-07T10:12:35Z

Kinya: /* Pronouns */

== Syntax ==

=== Orders ===
* Word Order: Verb - Subject - Object
* AdjN - NArt - GenN - NounDet - MainRel (Clause)

== Morphology ==

=== Nouns ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! rowspan="2" |Cases
!Nominative
!Oblique
!Dative
|-
|*
|
|
|}

=== Determiners ===

==== Demonstrative ====

==== Articles ====
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Indefinite
!Definite
!Generic
|-
!Singular
|
|*
| rowspan="2" |
|-
!Plural
|
|
|}
=== Adjectives ===
Adjectives do not exist, but a noun can function like an adjective when it comes to describe a noun.

The nouns playing an adjective are put before the main noun.

=== Verbs ===
See : [[Verb Conjugations]]

=== Pronouns ===
{{Main article|Kallestiyes_Pronouns}}
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |Nominative
! rowspan="2" |Singular
! colspan="2" |Plural
|-
!Inclusive
!Exclusive
|-
!1
|
|
|
|-
!2
|
| colspan="2" |
|-
!3
|
| colspan="2" |
|}

{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |Direct Object
! rowspan="2" |Singular
! colspan="2" |Plural
|-
!Inclusive
!Exclusive
|-
!1
|
|
|
|-
!2
|
| colspan="2" |
|-
!3
|
| colspan="2" |
|}

{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |Indirect Object
! rowspan="2" |Singular
! colspan="2" |Plural
|-
!Inclusive
!Exclusive
|-
!1
|
|
|
|-
!2
|
| colspan="2" |
|-
!3
|
| colspan="2" |
|}
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |Possessive
! rowspan="2" |Singular
! colspan="2" |Plural
|-
!Inclusive
!Exclusive
|-
!1
|
|
|
|-
!2
|
| colspan="2" |
|-
!3
|
| colspan="2" |
|}

== Postpositions ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Motion from
|
|-
!Motion via
|
|-
!Motion to
|
|-
!Location from (in distance of)
|
|-
!Location in
|
|-
!Time ago
|
|-
!From ... to
|
|}

Kallestiyes Grammar

2023-03-07T10:12:09Z

Kinya: /* Pronouns */

== Syntax ==

=== Orders ===
* Word Order: Verb - Subject - Object
* AdjN - NArt - GenN - NounDet - MainRel (Clause)

== Morphology ==

=== Nouns ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! rowspan="2" |Cases
!Nominative
!Oblique
!Dative
|-
|*
|
|
|}

=== Determiners ===

==== Demonstrative ====

==== Articles ====
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Indefinite
!Definite
!Generic
|-
!Singular
|
|*
| rowspan="2" |
|-
!Plural
|
|
|}
=== Adjectives ===
Adjectives do not exist, but a noun can function like an adjective when it comes to describe a noun.

The nouns playing an adjective are put before the main noun.

=== Verbs ===
See : [[Verb Conjugations]]

=== Pronouns ===
{{Main article|Kallestiyes_Pronouns
}}
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |Nominative
! rowspan="2" |Singular
! colspan="2" |Plural
|-
!Inclusive
!Exclusive
|-
!1
|
|
|
|-
!2
|
| colspan="2" |
|-
!3
|
| colspan="2" |
|}

{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |Direct Object
! rowspan="2" |Singular
! colspan="2" |Plural
|-
!Inclusive
!Exclusive
|-
!1
|
|
|
|-
!2
|
| colspan="2" |
|-
!3
|
| colspan="2" |
|}

{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |Indirect Object
! rowspan="2" |Singular
! colspan="2" |Plural
|-
!Inclusive
!Exclusive
|-
!1
|
|
|
|-
!2
|
| colspan="2" |
|-
!3
|
| colspan="2" |
|}
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |Possessive
! rowspan="2" |Singular
! colspan="2" |Plural
|-
!Inclusive
!Exclusive
|-
!1
|
|
|
|-
!2
|
| colspan="2" |
|-
!3
|
| colspan="2" |
|}
== Postpositions ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Motion from
|
|-
!Motion via
|
|-
!Motion to
|
|-
!Location from (in distance of)
|
|-
!Location in
|
|-
!Time ago
|
|-
!From ... to
|
|}

Kallestiyes Grammar

2023-03-07T10:08:01Z

Kinya: /* Case Order */

== Syntax ==

=== Orders ===
* Word Order: Verb - Subject - Object
* AdjN - NArt - GenN - NounDet - MainRel (Clause)

== Morphology ==

=== Nouns ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! rowspan="2" |Cases
!Nominative
!Oblique
!Dative
|-
|*
|
|
|}

=== Determiners ===

==== Demonstrative ====

==== Articles ====
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Indefinite
!Definite
!Generic
|-
!Singular
|
|*
| rowspan="2" |
|-
!Plural
|
|
|}
=== Adjectives ===
Adjectives do not exist, but a noun can function like an adjective when it comes to describe a noun.

The nouns playing an adjective are put before the main noun.

=== Verbs ===
See : [[Verb Conjugations]]

=== Pronouns ===
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |Nominative
! rowspan="2" |Singular
! colspan="2" |Plural
|-
!Inclusive
!Exclusive
|-
!1
|
|
|
|-
!2
|
| colspan="2" |
|-
!3
|
| colspan="2" |
|}

{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |Direct Object
! rowspan="2" |Singular
! colspan="2" |Plural
|-
!Inclusive
!Exclusive
|-
!1
|
|
|
|-
!2
|
| colspan="2" |
|-
!3
|
| colspan="2" |
|}

{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |Indirect Object
! rowspan="2" |Singular
! colspan="2" |Plural
|-
!Inclusive
!Exclusive
|-
!1
|
|
|
|-
!2
|
| colspan="2" |
|-
!3
|
| colspan="2" |
|}
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |Possessive
! rowspan="2" |Singular
! colspan="2" |Plural
|-
!Inclusive
!Exclusive
|-
!1
|
|
|
|-
!2
|
| colspan="2" |
|-
!3
|
| colspan="2" |
|}
== Postpositions ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Motion from
|
|-
!Motion via
|
|-
!Motion to
|
|-
!Location from (in distance of)
|
|-
!Location in
|
|-
!Time ago
|
|-
!From ... to
|
|}

Kallestiyes Grammar

2023-03-07T10:03:30Z

Kinya: /* Pronouns */

== Syntax ==

=== Orders ===
* Word Order: Verb - Subject - Object
* AdjN - NArt - GenN - NounDet - MainRel (Clause)

=== Pronouns ===
* Oblique pronoun is put as a prefix on the verb.

=== Case Order ===

* Object: Oblique (Noun) - Dative (Noun / Pronoun)

== Morphology ==

=== Nouns ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! rowspan="2" |Cases
!Nominative
!Oblique
!Dative
|-
|*
|
|
|}

=== Determiners ===

==== Demonstrative ====

==== Articles ====
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Indefinite
!Definite
!Generic
|-
!Singular
|
|*
| rowspan="2" |
|-
!Plural
|
|
|}
=== Adjectives ===
Adjectives do not exist, but a noun can function like an adjective when it comes to describe a noun.

The nouns playing an adjective are put before the main noun.

=== Verbs ===
See : [[Verb Conjugations]]

=== Pronouns ===
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |Nominative
! rowspan="2" |Singular
! colspan="2" |Plural
|-
!Inclusive
!Exclusive
|-
!1
|
|
|
|-
!2
|
| colspan="2" |
|-
!3
|
| colspan="2" |
|}

{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |Direct Object
! rowspan="2" |Singular
! colspan="2" |Plural
|-
!Inclusive
!Exclusive
|-
!1
|
|
|
|-
!2
|
| colspan="2" |
|-
!3
|
| colspan="2" |
|}

{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |Indirect Object
! rowspan="2" |Singular
! colspan="2" |Plural
|-
!Inclusive
!Exclusive
|-
!1
|
|
|
|-
!2
|
| colspan="2" |
|-
!3
|
| colspan="2" |
|}
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |Possessive
! rowspan="2" |Singular
! colspan="2" |Plural
|-
!Inclusive
!Exclusive
|-
!1
|
|
|
|-
!2
|
| colspan="2" |
|-
!3
|
| colspan="2" |
|}
== Postpositions ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Motion from
|
|-
!Motion via
|
|-
!Motion to
|
|-
!Location from (in distance of)
|
|-
!Location in
|
|-
!Time ago
|
|-
!From ... to
|
|}

Verb Conjugations

2023-03-07T09:57:40Z

Kinya: /* Modality & Moods */

All the verbs in non-finite and dictionnary form, end with -?

== Tenses & Aspects ==
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Unitary
!Continuous
!Habitual
|-
!Present
| colspan="2" |*
|
|-
!Past
|
|
|
|-
!Future
|
|
|
|}

== Participles ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Present
!Past
|-
|
|
|}

== Modality & Moods ==
The emission of modality and moods works in an agglutinative way.

The modality and the mood are put both side by side.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Moods
!
!Modality
!
|-
!Affirmative
|
!Declarative
|
|-
!Imperative
|
!Abilitive
|
|-
!Interrogative
|
!Permissive
|
|-
!Conditionnal
|
!Desirative
|
|-
!Subjunctive
|
!Likelihood
|
|-
!
|
!Obligative
|
|}
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Declarative
!Abilitive
!Permissive
!Obligative (Imperative)
!May / Should
!Conditionnal (Would)
|-
!Affirmative
|*
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!Interrogative
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!Negative
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!Interrogative + Negative
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}
If there is the evidentiality particle, it is put before the verb and the evidentiality particle after, otherwise it is put after the verb.

=== Evidential ===
Evidentiality is emitted with a particle, it is not mixed with the other moods.

* The particle is :

== Feeling & Avatar Verbs ==
Common verbs inflect with feelings. it's an important way to communicate, in addition that the punctuation has disappeared.

The inflection with feelings works in a agglutinative way to perceive all the emotions that are wanted to be emitted.

== Voices ==
'''Kallestiyes''' hasn't passive voice, but active voice and impersonal passive voice.

== Reflexive Verb ==
In grammar, a '''reflexive verb''' is, loosely, a verb whose direct object is the same as its subject; for example, "I wash myself".

To make a verb, a reflexive verb, we have to put the prefix ''-'' on the verb and then we don't need the object because the subject '''is''' the object.

== Ditransitive Verbs ==
In grammar, a '''ditransitive''' (or '''bitransitive''') '''verb''' is a transitive verb whose contextual use corresponds to a subject and two objects which refer to a theme and a recipient. In languages which mark grammatical case, it is common to differentiate the objects of a ditransitive verb using, for example, the accusative case for the direct object, and the dative case for the indirect object. Kallestiyes does differientiate the objects of a ditransitive verb : The direct object is marked in the accusative case and indirect object, dative case. The indirect object is mostly before the direct object, however the oblique pronoun is put as a prefix on the verb and the indirect object remains.

=== Attributive Ditransitive Verbs ===
The first object is a direct object. The second object is an object complement which take the same case as for the nominative case.

Verb Conjugations

2023-03-07T09:55:19Z

Kinya: /* Reflexive Verb */

All the verbs in non-finite and dictionnary form, end with -?

== Tenses & Aspects ==
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Unitary
!Continuous
!Habitual
|-
!Present
| colspan="2" |*
|
|-
!Past
|
|
|
|-
!Future
|
|
|
|}

== Participles ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Present
!Past
|-
|
|
|}

== Modality & Moods ==
The emission of modality and moods works in a agglutinative way.

The modality and the mood are put both side by side.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Moods
!
!Modality
!
|-
!Affirmative
|
!Declarative
|
|-
!Imperative
|
!Abilitive
|
|-
!Interrogative
|
!Permissive
|
|-
!Conditionnal
|
!Desirative
|
|-
!Subjunctive
|
!Likelihood
|
|-
!
|
!Obligative
|
|}
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Declarative
!Abilitive
!Permissive
!Obligative (Imperative)
!May / Should
!Conditionnal (Would)
|-
!Affirmative
|*
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!Interrogative
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!Negative
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!Interrogative + Negative
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}
If there is the evidentiality particle, it is put before the verb and the evidentiality particle after, otherwise it is put after the verb.

=== Evidential ===
Evidentiality is emitted with a particle, it is not mixed with the other moods.

* The particle is :

== Feeling & Avatar Verbs ==
Common verbs inflect with feelings. it's an important way to communicate, in addition that the punctuation has disappeared.

The inflection with feelings works in a agglutinative way to perceive all the emotions that are wanted to be emitted.

== Voices ==
'''Kallestiyes''' hasn't passive voice, but active voice and impersonal passive voice.

== Reflexive Verb ==
In grammar, a '''reflexive verb''' is, loosely, a verb whose direct object is the same as its subject; for example, "I wash myself".

To make a verb, a reflexive verb, we have to put the prefix ''-'' on the verb and then we don't need the object because the subject '''is''' the object.

== Ditransitive Verbs ==
In grammar, a '''ditransitive''' (or '''bitransitive''') '''verb''' is a transitive verb whose contextual use corresponds to a subject and two objects which refer to a theme and a recipient. In languages which mark grammatical case, it is common to differentiate the objects of a ditransitive verb using, for example, the accusative case for the direct object, and the dative case for the indirect object. Kallestiyes does differientiate the objects of a ditransitive verb : The direct object is marked in the accusative case and indirect object, dative case. The indirect object is mostly before the direct object, however the oblique pronoun is put as a prefix on the verb and the indirect object remains.

=== Attributive Ditransitive Verbs ===
The first object is a direct object. The second object is an object complement which take the same case as for the nominative case.

Verb Conjugations

2023-03-07T09:55:07Z

Kinya: /* Reflexive Verb */

All the verbs in non-finite and dictionnary form, end with -?

== Tenses & Aspects ==
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Unitary
!Continuous
!Habitual
|-
!Present
| colspan="2" |*
|
|-
!Past
|
|
|
|-
!Future
|
|
|
|}

== Participles ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Present
!Past
|-
|
|
|}

== Modality & Moods ==
The emission of modality and moods works in a agglutinative way.

The modality and the mood are put both side by side.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Moods
!
!Modality
!
|-
!Affirmative
|
!Declarative
|
|-
!Imperative
|
!Abilitive
|
|-
!Interrogative
|
!Permissive
|
|-
!Conditionnal
|
!Desirative
|
|-
!Subjunctive
|
!Likelihood
|
|-
!
|
!Obligative
|
|}
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Declarative
!Abilitive
!Permissive
!Obligative (Imperative)
!May / Should
!Conditionnal (Would)
|-
!Affirmative
|*
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!Interrogative
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!Negative
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!Interrogative + Negative
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}
If there is the evidentiality particle, it is put before the verb and the evidentiality particle after, otherwise it is put after the verb.

=== Evidential ===
Evidentiality is emitted with a particle, it is not mixed with the other moods.

* The particle is :

== Feeling & Avatar Verbs ==
Common verbs inflect with feelings. it's an important way to communicate, in addition that the punctuation has disappeared.

The inflection with feelings works in a agglutinative way to perceive all the emotions that are wanted to be emitted.

== Voices ==
'''Kallestiyes''' hasn't passive voice, but active voice and impersonal passive voice.

== Reflexive Verb ==
In grammar, a '''reflexive verb''' is, loosely, a verb whose direct object is the same as its subject; for example, "I wash myself".

To make a verb, a refleive verb, we have to put the prefix ''-'' on the verb and then we don't need the object because the subject '''is''' the object.

== Ditransitive Verbs ==
In grammar, a '''ditransitive''' (or '''bitransitive''') '''verb''' is a transitive verb whose contextual use corresponds to a subject and two objects which refer to a theme and a recipient. In languages which mark grammatical case, it is common to differentiate the objects of a ditransitive verb using, for example, the accusative case for the direct object, and the dative case for the indirect object. Kallestiyes does differientiate the objects of a ditransitive verb : The direct object is marked in the accusative case and indirect object, dative case. The indirect object is mostly before the direct object, however the oblique pronoun is put as a prefix on the verb and the indirect object remains.

=== Attributive Ditransitive Verbs ===
The first object is a direct object. The second object is an object complement which take the same case as for the nominative case.

Verb Conjugations

2023-03-07T09:41:49Z

Kinya:

Verb Conjugations

2023-03-07T09:19:37Z

Kinya:

Kallestiyes Phonology

2023-03-07T08:32:30Z

Kinya: /* Vowels */

[[Kallestiyes]] phonology is thought to be uncommon and relatively exotic compared to existing human languages.

== Phonemes ==
The tables below show all the phonemes used in the kallestiyes language.

=== Consonants ===
The following consonant inventory has a regular size, but those phonemes are rarely present in occidental human languages.
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Dentals
!Alveolars
!Postalveolars
!Palatals
!Velars
!Uvular
!Glottals
|-
!Plosives
|
|t d
|
|
|k g
|
|ʔ
|-
!Nasals
|
|n
|
|ɲ
|ŋ
|
|
|-
!Fricatives
|θ ð
|s z
|ʃ ʒ
|
|
|χ ʁ
|h
|-
!Liquids
|
|l
|
|j
|w
|
|
|}

=== Vowels ===
The reduced set of vowels is mostly caused by the primitive nature of the [[Kastelar civilisation]].
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Unrounded
!Rounded
|-
!High
|i (ː)
|y (ː)
|-
!Mid
|ɛ (ː)
|
|}

== Phonotactics ==
The Kallestiyes uses the following syllabic structure: ''(C)(C)V(C)(C)'' with ''C'' for consonants and ''V'' for vowels. The onset can be all the consonants previously shown, the nucleus is made with any vowels and the coda must be a consonant as well but not [h] and [ʔ]

As a reminder, in the Kallestiyes sylabic structure, the first (C)(C) is optionnal and is the onset, V is the nucleus and must present and the last (C)(C) is the coda which is also optionnal.

=== Onset Combinations ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!
! colspan="12" |Second
|-
!First
!'''t'''
!'''d'''
!'''k'''
!'''g'''
!'''s'''
!'''z'''
!'''ʃ'''
!'''ʒ'''
!'''χ'''
!'''ʁ'''
!'''l'''
!'''j'''
|-
!'''t'''
| -
| -
| -
| -
|•
| -
|•
| -
|•
|•
| -
|•
|-
!'''d'''
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|•
| -
|•
| -
|•
| -
|•
|-
!'''k'''
|•
| -
| -
| -
|•
| -
|•
| -
| -
|•
|•
|•
|-
!'''g'''
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|•
| -
|•
| -
|•
|•
|•
|-
!'''s'''
|•
| -
|•
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|•
|•
|•
|-
!'''z'''
| -
|•
| -
|•
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|•
|•
|•
|-
!'''ʃ'''
|•
| -
|•
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|•
| -
|•
|-
!'''ʒ'''
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|•
|•
|•
|-
!'''ʁ'''
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|•
|-
!'''l'''
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|•
|}

=== Coda Combinations ===
{| class="wikitable"
!
! colspan="8" |Second
|-
!First
!'''t'''
!'''d'''
!'''k'''
!'''g'''
!'''s'''
!'''z'''
!'''ʃ'''
!'''ʒ'''
|-
!'''t'''
| -
| -
| -
| -
|•
| -
|•
| -
|-
!'''d'''
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|•
| -
|•
|-
!'''k'''
|•
| -
| -
| -
|•
| -
|•
| -
|-
!'''g'''
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|•
| -
|•
|-
!'''s'''
|•
| -
|•
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
!'''z'''
| -
|•
| -
|•
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
!'''ʃ'''
|•
| -
|•
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
!'''ʁ'''
|•
|•
|•
|•
|•
|•
|•
|•
|-
!'''l'''
| •
| •
| •
| •
| •
| -
| •
| •
|-
!'''j'''
| •
| •
| •
| •
| •
| •
| •
| •
|}

Kallestiyes Grammar

2023-03-07T08:30:47Z

Kinya: /* Cases */

== Syntax ==

=== Orders ===
* Word Order: Verb - Subject - Object
* AdjN - NArt - GenN - NounDet - MainRel (Clause)

=== Pronouns ===
* Oblique pronoun is put as a prefix on the verb.

=== Case Order ===

* Object: Oblique (Noun) - Dative (Noun / Pronoun)

== Morphology ==

=== Nouns ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! rowspan="2" |Cases
!Nominative
!Oblique
!Dative
|-
|*
|
|
|}

=== Determiners ===

==== Demonstrative ====

==== Articles ====
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Indefinite
!Definite
!Generic
|-
!Singular
|
|*
| rowspan="2" |
|-
!Plural
|
|
|}
=== Adjectives ===
Adjectives do not exist, but a noun can function like an adjective when it comes to describe a noun.

The nouns playing an adjective are put before the main noun.

=== Verbs ===
See : [[Verb Conjugations]]

=== Pronouns ===
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |Nominative
! rowspan="2" |Singular
! colspan="2" |Plural
|-
!Inclusive
!Exclusive
|-
!1
|
|
|
|-
!2
|
| colspan="2" |
|-
!3
|
| colspan="2" |
|}
If the Direct Object is a pronoun, then the pronoun would be a prefix that must go on the base verb.
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |Direct Object
! rowspan="2" |Singular
! colspan="2" |Plural
|-
!Inclusive
!Exclusive
|-
!1
|
|
|
|-
!2
|
| colspan="2" |
|-
!3
|
| colspan="2" |
|}
The Dative Pronoun is put in the first place in the object.
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |Indirect Object
! rowspan="2" |Singular
! colspan="2" |Plural
|-
!Inclusive
!Exclusive
|-
!1
|
|
|
|-
!2
|
| colspan="2" |
|-
!3
|
| colspan="2" |
|}
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |Possessive
! rowspan="2" |Singular
! colspan="2" |Plural
|-
!Inclusive
!Exclusive
|-
!1
|
|
|
|-
!2
|
| colspan="2" |
|-
!3
|
| colspan="2" |
|}
== Postpositions ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Motion from
|
|-
!Motion via
|
|-
!Motion to
|
|-
!Location from (in distance of)
|
|-
!Location in
|
|-
!Time ago
|
|-
!From ... to
|
|}

Kallestiyes Grammar

2023-03-06T20:10:24Z

Kinya: /* Pronouns */

== Syntax ==

=== Orders ===
* Word Order: Verb - Subject - Object
* AdjN
* NArt
* GenN
* NounDet
* MainRel (Clause)

=== Pronouns ===
* Oblique is put as a prefix on the verb.

=== Cases ===

* Oblique noun is put in the first place in the object and the dative noun / pronoun comes after.

== Morphology ==

=== Nouns ===
Nouns are inflected in dative form and oblique form.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! rowspan="2" |Cases
!Dative
!Oblique
|-
|
|
|}

=== Determiners ===

==== Demonstrative ====

==== Articles ====
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Indefinite
!Definite
!Generic
|-
!Singular
|
|*
| rowspan="2" |
|-
!Plural
|
|
|}
=== Adjectives ===
Adjectives do not exist, but a noun can function like an adjective when it comes to describe a noun.

The nouns playing an adjective are put before the main noun.

=== Verbs ===
See : [[Verb Conjugations]]

=== Pronouns ===
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |Nominative
! rowspan="2" |Singular
! colspan="2" |Plural
|-
!Inclusive
!Exclusive
|-
!1
|
|
|
|-
!2
|
| colspan="2" |
|-
!3
|
| colspan="2" |
|}
If the Direct Object is a pronoun, then the pronoun would be a prefix that must go on the base verb.
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |Direct Object
! rowspan="2" |Singular
! colspan="2" |Plural
|-
!Inclusive
!Exclusive
|-
!1
|
|
|
|-
!2
|
| colspan="2" |
|-
!3
|
| colspan="2" |
|}
The Dative Pronoun is put in the first place in the object.
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |Indirect Object
! rowspan="2" |Singular
! colspan="2" |Plural
|-
!Inclusive
!Exclusive
|-
!1
|
|
|
|-
!2
|
| colspan="2" |
|-
!3
|
| colspan="2" |
|}
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |Possessive
! rowspan="2" |Singular
! colspan="2" |Plural
|-
!Inclusive
!Exclusive
|-
!1
|
|
|
|-
!2
|
| colspan="2" |
|-
!3
|
| colspan="2" |
|}
== Postpositions ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Motion from
|
|-
!Motion via
|
|-
!Motion to
|
|-
!Location from (in distance of)
|
|-
!Location in
|
|-
!Time ago
|
|}

Kallestiyes Grammar

2023-03-06T19:45:26Z

Kinya: /* Pronouns */

== Syntax ==

=== Orders ===
* Word Order: Verb - Subject - Object
* AdjN
* NArt
* GenN
* NounDet
* MainRel (Clause)

=== Pronouns ===
* Oblique is put as a prefix on the verb.

=== Cases ===

* Oblique noun is put in the first place in the object and the dative noun / pronoun comes after.

== Morphology ==

=== Nouns ===
Nouns are inflected in dative form and oblique form.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! rowspan="2" |Cases
!Dative
!Oblique
|-
|
|
|}

=== Determiners ===

==== Demonstrative ====

==== Articles ====
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Indefinite
!Definite
!Generic
|-
!Singular
|
|*
| rowspan="2" |
|-
!Plural
|
|
|}
=== Adjectives ===
Adjectives do not exist, but a noun can function like an adjective when it comes to describe a noun.

The nouns playing an adjective are put before the main noun.

=== Verbs ===
See : [[Verb Conjugations]]

=== Pronouns ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Nominative
!Singular
!Plural
|-
!1
|
|
|-
!2
| colspan="2" |
|-
!3
|
|
|}
If the Direct Object is a pronoun, then the pronoun would be a prefix that must go on the base verb.
{| class="wikitable"
!Oblique
!Singular
!Plural
|-
!1
|
|
|-
!2
| colspan="2" |
|-
!3
|
|
|}
The Dative Pronoun is put in the first place in the object.
{| class="wikitable"
!Dative
!Singular
!Plural
|-
!1
|
|
|-
!2
| colspan="2" |
|-
!3
|
|
|}
{| class="wikitable"
!Possessive (Pronoun / Determiner)
!Singular
!Plural
|-
!1
|
|
|-
!2
| colspan="2" |
|-
!3
|
|
|}
== Postpositions ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Motion from
|
|-
!Motion via
|
|-
!Motion to
|
|-
!Location from (in distance of)
|
|-
!Location in
|
|-
!Time ago
|
|}

Kallestiyes Grammar

2023-03-06T19:24:47Z

Kinya: /* Genitive Case */

== Syntax ==

=== Orders ===
* Word Order: Verb - Subject - Object
* AdjN
* NArt
* GenN
* NounDet
* MainRel (Clause)

=== Pronouns ===
* Oblique is put as a prefix on the verb.

=== Cases ===

* Oblique noun is put in the first place in the object and the dative noun / pronoun comes after.

== Morphology ==

=== Nouns ===
Nouns are inflected in dative form and oblique form.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Dative
!Oblique
|-
|
|
|}

=== Articles ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!
!Indefinite
!Definite
!Generic
|-
!Singular
|
|*
| rowspan="2" |
|-
!Plural
|
|
|}

=== Determiners ===

=== Adjectives ===
Adjectives do not exist, but a noun can function like an adjective when it comes to describe a noun.

The nouns playing an adjective are put before the main noun.

=== Verbs ===
See : [[Verb Conjugations]]

=== Pronouns ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Nominative
!Singular
!Plural
|-
!1
|
|
|-
!2
| colspan="2" |
|-
!3 feminine
|
| rowspan="3" |
|-
!3 masculine
|
|-
!3 neuter
|
|}
If the Direct Object is a pronoun, then the pronoun would be a prefix that must go on the base verb.
{| class="wikitable"
!Oblique
!Singular
!Plural
|-
!1
|
|
|-
!2
| colspan="2" |
|-
!3 feminine
|
| rowspan="3" |
|-
!3 masculine
|
|-
!3 neuter
|
|}
The Dative Pronoun is put in the first place in the object.
{| class="wikitable"
!Dative
!Singular
!Plural
|-
!1
|
|
|-
!2
| colspan="2" |
|-
!3 feminine
|
| rowspan="3" |
|-
!3 masculine
|
|-
!3 neuter
|
|}
{| class="wikitable"
!Possessive (Adv/Adj)
!Singular
!Plural
|-
!1
|
|
|-
!2
| colspan="2" |
|-
!3 feminine
|
| rowspan="3" |
|-
!3 masculine
|
|-
!3 neuter
|
|}

== Postpositions ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Motion from
|
|-
!Motion via
|
|-
!Motion to
|
|-
!Location from (in distance of)
|
|-
!Location in
|
|-
!Time ago
|
|}

Kallestiyes Grammar

2023-03-06T19:16:21Z

Kinya: /* Articles */

== Syntax ==

=== Orders ===
* Word Order: Verb - Subject - Object
* Adjectives before nouns
* Articles after nouns
* Determiners after nouns
* Relative clauses after main clause

=== Pronouns ===
* Oblique is put as a prefix on the verb.

=== Cases ===

* Oblique noun is put in the first place in the object and the dative noun / pronoun comes after.

== Morphology ==

=== Nouns ===
Nouns are inflected in dative form and oblique form.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Dative
!Oblique
|-
|
|
|}

=== Articles ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!
!Indefinite
!Definite
!Generic
|-
!Singular
|
|*
| rowspan="2" |
|-
!Plural
|
|
|}

=== Determiners ===

==== Demonstrative ====

*

=== Genitive Case ===
To make genitive : NGen with the infix --

=== Adjectives ===
Adjectives do not exist, but a noun can function like an adjective when it comes to describe a noun.

The nouns playing an adjective are put before the main noun.

=== Verbs ===
See : [[Verb Conjugations]]

=== Pronouns ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Nominative
!Singular
!Plural
|-
!1
|
|
|-
!2
| colspan="2" |
|-
!3 feminine
|
| rowspan="3" |
|-
!3 masculine
|
|-
!3 neuter
|
|}
If the Direct Object is a pronoun, then the pronoun would be a prefix that must go on the base verb.
{| class="wikitable"
!Oblique
!Singular
!Plural
|-
!1
|
|
|-
!2
| colspan="2" |
|-
!3 feminine
|
| rowspan="3" |
|-
!3 masculine
|
|-
!3 neuter
|
|}
The Dative Pronoun is put in the first place in the object.
{| class="wikitable"
!Dative
!Singular
!Plural
|-
!1
|
|
|-
!2
| colspan="2" |
|-
!3 feminine
|
| rowspan="3" |
|-
!3 masculine
|
|-
!3 neuter
|
|}
{| class="wikitable"
!Possessive (Adv/Adj)
!Singular
!Plural
|-
!1
|
|
|-
!2
| colspan="2" |
|-
!3 feminine
|
| rowspan="3" |
|-
!3 masculine
|
|-
!3 neuter
|
|}

== Postpositions ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Motion from
|
|-
!Motion via
|
|-
!Motion to
|
|-
!Location from (in distance of)
|
|-
!Location in
|
|-
!Time ago
|
|}

Kallestiyes Phonology

2023-03-06T18:33:23Z

Kinya: /* Consonants */

[[Kallestiyes]] phonology is thought to be uncommon and relatively exotic compared to existing human languages.

== Phonemes ==
The tables below show all the phonemes used in the kallestiyes language.

=== Consonants ===
The following consonant inventory has a regular size, but those phonemes are rarely present in occidental human languages.
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Dentals
!Alveolars
!Postalveolars
!Palatals
!Velars
!Uvular
!Glottals
|-
!Plosives
|
|t d
|
|
|k g
|
|ʔ
|-
!Nasals
|
|n
|
|ɲ
|ŋ
|
|
|-
!Fricatives
|θ ð
|s z
|ʃ ʒ
|
|
|χ ʁ
|h
|-
!Liquids
|
|l
|
|j
|w
|
|
|}

=== Vowels ===
The reduced set of vowels is mostly caused by the primitive nature of the [[Kastelar civilisation]].
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Unrounded
!Rounded
|-
!High
|i
|y
|-
!Mid
|ɛ
|
|}

== Phonotactics ==
The Kallestiyes uses the following syllabic structure: ''(C)(C)V(C)(C)'' with ''C'' for consonants and ''V'' for vowels. The onset can be all the consonants previously shown, the nucleus is made with any vowels and the coda must be a consonant as well but not [h] and [ʔ]

As a reminder, in the Kallestiyes sylabic structure, the first (C)(C) is optionnal and is the onset, V is the nucleus and must present and the last (C)(C) is the coda which is also optionnal.

=== Onset Combinations ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!
! colspan="12" |Second
|-
!First
!'''t'''
!'''d'''
!'''k'''
!'''g'''
!'''s'''
!'''z'''
!'''ʃ'''
!'''ʒ'''
!'''χ'''
!'''ʁ'''
!'''l'''
!'''j'''
|-
!'''t'''
| -
| -
| -
| -
|•
| -
|•
| -
|•
|•
| -
|•
|-
!'''d'''
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|•
| -
|•
| -
|•
| -
|•
|-
!'''k'''
|•
| -
| -
| -
|•
| -
|•
| -
| -
|•
|•
|•
|-
!'''g'''
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|•
| -
|•
| -
|•
|•
|•
|-
!'''s'''
|•
| -
|•
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|•
|•
|•
|-
!'''z'''
| -
|•
| -
|•
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|•
|•
|•
|-
!'''ʃ'''
|•
| -
|•
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|•
| -
|•
|-
!'''ʒ'''
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|•
|•
|•
|-
!'''ʁ'''
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|•
|-
!'''l'''
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|•
|}

=== Coda Combinations ===
{| class="wikitable"
!
! colspan="8" |Second
|-
!First
!'''t'''
!'''d'''
!'''k'''
!'''g'''
!'''s'''
!'''z'''
!'''ʃ'''
!'''ʒ'''
|-
!'''t'''
| -
| -
| -
| -
|•
| -
|•
| -
|-
!'''d'''
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|•
| -
|•
|-
!'''k'''
|•
| -
| -
| -
|•
| -
|•
| -
|-
!'''g'''
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|•
| -
|•
|-
!'''s'''
|•
| -
|•
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
!'''z'''
| -
|•
| -
|•
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
!'''ʃ'''
|•
| -
|•
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
!'''ʁ'''
|•
|•
|•
|•
|•
|•
|•
|•
|-
!'''l'''
| •
| •
| •
| •
| •
| -
| •
| •
|-
!'''j'''
| •
| •
| •
| •
| •
| •
| •
| •
|}

Kallestiyes Phonology

2023-03-06T18:12:57Z

Kinya: /* Onset Combinations */

[[Kallestiyes]] phonology is thought to be uncommon and relatively exotic compared to existing human languages.

== Phonemes ==
The tables below show all the phonemes used in the kallestiyes language.

=== Consonants ===
The following consonant inventory has a regular size, but those phonemes are rarely present in occidental human languages.
{| class="wikitable"
|
|Dentals
|Alveolars
|Postalveolars
|Palatals
|Velars
|Uvular
|Glottals
|-
|Plosives
|
|t d
|
|
|k g
|
|ʔ
|-
|Nasals
|
|n
|
|ɲ
|ŋ
|
|
|-
|Fricatives
|θ ð
|s z
|ʃ ʒ
|
|
|χ ʁ
|h
|-
|Liquids
|
|l
|
|j
|w
|
|
|}

=== Vowels ===
The reduced set of vowels is mostly caused by the primitive nature of the [[Kastelar civilisation]].
{| class="wikitable"
|
|Unrounded
|Rounded
|-
|High
|i
|y
|-
|Mid
|ɛ
|
|}

== Phonotactics ==
The Kallestiyes uses the following syllabic structure: ''(C)(C)V(C)(C)'' with ''C'' for consonants and ''V'' for vowels. The onset can be all the consonants previously shown, the nucleus is made with any vowels and the coda must be a consonant as well but not [h] and [ʔ]

As a reminder, in the Kallestiyes sylabic structure, the first (C)(C) is optionnal and is the onset, V is the nucleus and must present and the last (C)(C) is the coda which is also optionnal.

=== Onset Combinations ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Vertical+Horizontal
!t
!d
!k
!g
!s
!z
!ʃ
!ʒ
!χ
!ʁ
!l
!j
|-
!t
| -
| -
| -
| -
|.
| -
|.
| -
|.
|.
| -
|.
|-
!d
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|.
| -
|.
| -
|.
| -
|.
|-
!k
|.
| -
| -
| -
|.
| -
|.
| -
| -
|.
|.
|.
|-
!g
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|.
| -
|.
| -
|.
|.
|.
|-
!s
|.
| -
|.
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|.
|.
|.
|-
!z
| -
|.
| -
|.
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|.
|.
|.
|-
!ʃ
|.
| -
|.
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|.
| -
|.
|-
!ʒ
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|.
|.
|.
|-
!ʁ
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|.
|-
!l
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|.
|-
!j
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|}

=== Coda Combinations ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Vertical+Horizontal
!t
!d
!k
!g
!s
!z
!ʃ
!ʒ
!χ
!ʁ
!l
!j
|-
!t
| -
| -
| -
| -
|.
| -
|.
| -
|.
| -
| -
| -
|-
!d
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|.
| -
|.
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
!k
|.
| -
| -
| -
|.
| -
|.
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
!g
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|.
| -
|.
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
!s
|.
| -
|.
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|.
| -
| -.
|-
!z
| -
|.
| -
|.
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|.
| -
| -
|-
!ʃ
|.
| -
|.
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|.
| -
| -
|-
!ʒ
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|.
| -
| -
|-
!ʁ
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
!l
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
!j
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|}

Kallestiyes Phonology

2023-03-06T17:53:31Z

Kinya: /* Onset Combinations */

Kallestiyes Phonology

2023-03-06T17:51:44Z

Kinya: /* Phonotactics */

Kallestiyes Phonology

2023-03-06T17:31:17Z

Kinya: /* Spelling */

Kallestiyes Phonology

2023-03-06T17:19:32Z

Kinya: /* Consonants */

Kallestiyes Phonology

2023-03-06T16:33:33Z

Kinya: /* Spelling */

[[Kallestiyes]] phonology is thought to be uncommon and relatively exotic compared to existing human languages.

== Phonemes ==
The tables below show all the phonemes used in the kallestiyes language.

=== Consonants ===
The following consonant inventory has a regular size, but those phonemes are rarely present in occidental human languages.
{| class="wikitable"
|
|Labials
|Dentals
|Alveolars
|Postalveolars
|Palatals
|Velars
|Uvulars
|Glottals
|-
|Plosives
|p b
|
|t d
|
|
|k g
|
|
|-
|Nasals
|m
|
|n
|
|
|ŋ
|
|
|-
|Fricatives
|
|θ

ð
|s z
|ʃ
|
|
|ʁ
|h
|-
|Liquids
|
|
|l
|
|j
|w
|
|
|}

=== Vowels ===
The reduced set of vowels is mostly caused by the primitive nature of the [[Kastelar civilisation]].
{| class="wikitable"
|
|Short
|Long
|-
|High
|i
|
|-
|Mid
|e
|
|-
|Low
|a
|aː
|}

=== Vowel Combinations ===
A Vowel combination is mix of 2 vowels. In Kallestiyes Phonology, it is considered as only one vowel.

Here are they : [ai]; [ia]; [ei]; [aːi]; [ea]; [ae]; [aːe]

== Phonotactics ==
The Kallestiyes uses the following syllabic structure: ''(C)(C)V(C)(C)'' with ''C'' for consonants and ''V'' for vowels. The onset can be all the consonants previously shown, the nucleus is made with any vowels and the coda must be a consonant as well but not [j], [ʍ] or [w].

As a reminder, in the Kallestiyes sylabic structure, the first (C)(C) is optionnal and is the onset, V is the nucleus and must present and the last (C)(C) is the coda which is also optionnal.

There is a rule for the combination of two consonants in a onset and also in a coda.

* Coda: The allowed clusters coda that are allowed are : [ks], [sk], [gz], [ts], [st], [ŋg], [ŋk], [wn], [wk], [jn].

* Onset: The allowed clusters onset that are allowed are : [kn], [km], [ks], [sk], [gz], [ts], [st], [sn], [sm].

== Spelling ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Alternate Spelling
!Spelling
!Phoneme
|-
|
|f
|θ
|-
|
|v
|ð
|-
|
|hs
|ʃ
|-
|
|r
|ʁ
|-
|
|y
|j
|-
|
|ng
|ŋ
|-
|
|rw
|ʁʰw
|-
|
|aa
|aː
|-
|ll
|l
|l
|-
|tt
|t
|t
|-
|gg
|g
|g
|-
|nn
|n
|n
|-
|mm
|m
|m
|-
|c
|ky
|kj
|}

Kallestiyes Phonology

2023-03-06T16:31:34Z

Kinya: /* Consonants */

Kallestiyes Grammar

2023-03-06T15:54:17Z

Kinya:

== Syntax ==

=== Orders ===
* Word Order: Verb - Subject - Object
* Adjectives before nouns
* Articles after nouns
* Determiners after nouns
* Relative clauses after main clause

=== Pronouns ===
* Oblique is put as a prefix on the verb.

=== Cases ===

* Oblique noun is put in the first place in the object and the dative noun / pronoun comes after.

== Morphology ==

=== Nouns ===
Nouns are inflected in dative form and oblique form.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Dative
!Oblique
|-
| -(a)ngg
| -(e)nkk
|}

=== Articles ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!
!Indefinite
!Definite
!Generic
|-
|Singular
|seh
|*
| rowspan="2" |emat
|-
|Plural
|iteh
|deh
|}

=== Determiners ===

==== Demonstrative ====

* dreh

=== Genitive Case ===
To make genitive : NGen with the infix -(k)i(hs)-

=== Adjectives ===
Adjectives do not exist, but a noun can function like an adjective when it comes to describe a noun.

The nouns playing an adjective are put before the main noun.

=== Verbs ===
See : [[Verb Conjugations]]

=== Pronouns ===
{| class="wikitable"
|Nominative
|Singular
|Plural
|-
|1
|ik
|ekef
|-
|2
| colspan="2" |senet
|-
|3 feminine
|yal
| rowspan="3" |selit
|-
|3 masculine
|sev
|-
|3 neuter
|sial
|}
If the Direct Object is a pronoun, then the pronoun would be a prefix that must go on the base verb.
{| class="wikitable"
|Oblique
|Singular
|Plural
|-
|1
|ik(se)-
|ek(se)-
|-
|2
| colspan="2" |sen(se)-
|-
|3 feminine
|yal(se)-
| rowspan="3" |sel(se)-
|-
|3 masculine
|sev(e)-
|-
|3 neuter
|sial(se)-
|}
The Dative Pronoun is put in the first place in the object.
{| class="wikitable"
|Dative
|Singular
|Plural
|-
|1
|ikangg
|ekefangg
|-
|2
| colspan="2" |senetangg
|-
|3 feminine
|yalangg
| rowspan="3" |selitangg
|-
|3 masculine
|sevangg
|-
|3 neuter
|sialangg
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|Possessive (Adv/Adj)
|Singular
|Plural
|-
|1
|ika
|ekiv
|-
|2
| colspan="2" |senik
|-
|3 feminine
|yetil
| rowspan="3" |tasah
|-
|3 masculine
|sevel
|-
|3 neuter
|silik
|}

== Postpositions ==
{| class="wikitable"
|Motion from
|fain
|-
|Motion via
|faas
|-
|Motion to
|fim
|-
|Location from (in distance of)
|fik
|-
|Location in
|fiek
|-
|Time ago
|war
|}

Kallestiyes Grammar

2023-03-06T15:52:07Z

Kinya:

== Syntax ==

=== Orders ===
* Word Order: Verb - Subject - Object
* Adjectives before nouns
* Articles after nouns
* Determiners after nouns
* Relative clauses after main clause

=== Pronouns ===
* Oblique is put as a prefix on the verb, the case is marked as a particle before the verb.

== Morphology ==

=== Nouns ===
Nouns are inflected in dative form and oblique form.

Oblique noun is put on the first place and the dative noun / pronoun comes after.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Dative
!Oblique
|-
| -(a)ngg
| -(e)nkk
|}

=== Articles ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+The article is put after the noun.
!
!Indefinite
!Definite
!Generic
|-
|Singular
|seh
|*
| rowspan="2" |emat
|-
|Plural
|iteh
|deh
|}

=== Determiners ===

==== Demonstrative ====

* dreh

=== Genitive Case ===
To make genitive : NGen with the infix -(k)i(hs)-

=== Adjectives ===
Adjectives do not exist, but a noun can function like an adjective when it comes to describe a noun.

The nouns playing an adjective are put before the main noun.

=== Verbs ===
See : [[Verb Conjugations]]

=== Pronouns ===
{| class="wikitable"
|Nominative
|Singular
|Plural
|-
|1
|ik
|ekef
|-
|2
| colspan="2" |senet
|-
|3 feminine
|yal
| rowspan="3" |selit
|-
|3 masculine
|sev
|-
|3 neuter
|sial
|}
If the Direct Object is a pronoun, then the pronoun would be a prefix that must go on the base verb.
{| class="wikitable"
|Oblique
|Singular
|Plural
|-
|1
|ik(se)-
|ek(se)-
|-
|2
| colspan="2" |sen(se)-
|-
|3 feminine
|yal(se)-
| rowspan="3" |sel(se)-
|-
|3 masculine
|sev(e)-
|-
|3 neuter
|sial(se)-
|}
The Dative Pronoun is put in the first place in the object.
{| class="wikitable"
|Dative
|Singular
|Plural
|-
|1
|ikangg
|ekefangg
|-
|2
| colspan="2" |senetangg
|-
|3 feminine
|yalangg
| rowspan="3" |selitangg
|-
|3 masculine
|sevangg
|-
|3 neuter
|sialangg
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|Possessive (Adv/Adj)
|Singular
|Plural
|-
|1
|ika
|ekiv
|-
|2
| colspan="2" |senik
|-
|3 feminine
|yetil
| rowspan="3" |tasah
|-
|3 masculine
|sevel
|-
|3 neuter
|silik
|}

== Postpositions ==
{| class="wikitable"
|Motion from
|fain
|-
|Motion via
|faas
|-
|Motion to
|fim
|-
|Location from (in distance of)
|fik
|-
|Location in
|fiek
|-
|Time ago
|war
|}

Kallestiyes Phonology

2023-03-05T19:56:01Z

Kinya: /* Consonants */

== Phonemes ==

=== Consonants ===
{| class="wikitable"
|
|Labials
|Dentals
|Alveolars
|Postalveolars
|Palatals
|Velars
|Glottals
|-
|Plosives
|p b
|
|t d
|
|
|k g
|
|-
|Nasals
|m
|
|n
|
|
|ŋ
|
|-
|Fricatives
|
|θ

ð
|s z
|ʃ

ʒ
|
|ʍ
|h
|-
|Liquids
|
|
|l
|
|j
|w
|
|}

=== Vowels ===
{| class="wikitable"
|
|Short
|Long
|-
|High
|i
|
|-
|Mid
|e
|
|-
|Low
|a
|aː
|}

=== Vowel Combinations ===
A Vowel combination is mix of 2 vowels. In Kallestiyes Phonology, it is considered as only one vowel.

Here are they : [ai]; [ia]; [ei]; [aːi]; [ea]; [ae]; [aːe]

== Phonotactics ==
The Kallestiyes uses the following syllabic structure: ''(C)(C)V(C)(C)'' with ''C'' for consonants and ''V'' for vowels. The onset can be all the consonants previously shown, the nucleus is made with any vowels and the coda must be a consonant as well but not [j], [ʍ] or [w].

As a reminder, in the Kallestiyes sylabic structure, the first (C)(C) is optionnal and is the onset, V is the nucleus and must present and the last (C)(C) is the coda which is also optionnal.

There is a rule for the combination of two consonants in a onset and also in a coda.

* Coda: The allowed clusters coda that are allowed are : [ks], [sk], [gz], [ts], [st], [ŋg], [ŋk], [wn], [wk], [jn].

* Onset: The allowed clusters onset that are allowed are : [kn], [km], [ks], [sk], [gz], [ts], [st], [sn], [sm].

== Spelling ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Alternate Spelling
!Spelling
!Phoneme
|-
|
|f
|θ
|-
|
|v
|ð
|-
|
|hs
|ʃ
|-
|
|r
|ʒ
|-
|
|y
|j
|-
|
|ng
|ŋ
|-
|
|rw
|ʍ
|-
|
|aa
|aː
|-
|ll
|l
|l
|-
|tt
|t
|t
|-
|gg
|g
|g
|-
|nn
|n
|n
|-
|mm
|m
|m
|}

Kallestiyes Phonology

2023-03-05T19:54:49Z

Kinya: /* Consonants */

== Phonemes ==

=== Consonants ===
{| class="wikitable"
|
|Lab.
|Dental
|Alv.
|Postalv.
|Palat.
|Velar
|Glottal
|-
|Plosives
|p b
|
|t d
|
|
|k g
|
|-
|Nasals
|m
|
|n
|
|
|ŋ
|
|-
|Fricatives
|
|θ

ð
|s z
|ʃ

ʒ
|
|ʍ
|h
|-
|Liquids
|
|
|l
|
|j
|w
|
|}

=== Vowels ===
{| class="wikitable"
|
|Short
|Long
|-
|High
|i
|
|-
|Mid
|e
|
|-
|Low
|a
|aː
|}

=== Vowel Combinations ===
A Vowel combination is mix of 2 vowels. In Kallestiyes Phonology, it is considered as only one vowel.

Here are they : [ai]; [ia]; [ei]; [aːi]; [ea]; [ae]; [aːe]

== Phonotactics ==
The Kallestiyes uses the following syllabic structure: ''(C)(C)V(C)(C)'' with ''C'' for consonants and ''V'' for vowels. The onset can be all the consonants previously shown, the nucleus is made with any vowels and the coda must be a consonant as well but not [j], [ʍ] or [w].

As a reminder, in the Kallestiyes sylabic structure, the first (C)(C) is optionnal and is the onset, V is the nucleus and must present and the last (C)(C) is the coda which is also optionnal.

There is a rule for the combination of two consonants in a onset and also in a coda.

* Coda: The allowed clusters coda that are allowed are : [ks], [sk], [gz], [ts], [st], [ŋg], [ŋk], [wn], [wk], [jn].

* Onset: The allowed clusters onset that are allowed are : [kn], [km], [ks], [sk], [gz], [ts], [st], [sn], [sm].

== Spelling ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Alternate Spelling
!Spelling
!Phoneme
|-
|
|f
|θ
|-
|
|v
|ð
|-
|
|hs
|ʃ
|-
|
|r
|ʒ
|-
|
|y
|j
|-
|
|ng
|ŋ
|-
|
|rw
|ʍ
|-
|
|aa
|aː
|-
|ll
|l
|l
|-
|tt
|t
|t
|-
|gg
|g
|g
|-
|nn
|n
|n
|-
|mm
|m
|m
|}

Kallestiyes Phonology

2023-03-05T19:37:23Z

Kinya: /* Phonotactics */

== Phonemes ==

=== Consonants ===
{| class="wikitable"
|
|Lab.
|Dental
|Alv.
|Postalv.
|Palat.
|Velar
|Glottal
|-
|Plosives
|p b
|
|t d
|
|
|k g
|
|-
|Nasals
|m
|
|n
|
|
|ŋ
|
|-
|Fricatives
|
|θ

ð
|s z
|ʃ

ʒ
|
|ʍ
|h
|-
|Liquids
|
|
|l
|
|[j] y
|w
|
|}

=== Vowels ===
{| class="wikitable"
|
|Short
|Long
|-
|High
|i
|
|-
|Mid
|e
|
|-
|Low
|a
|aː
|}

=== Vowel Combinations ===
A Vowel combination is mix of 2 vowels. In Kallestiyes Phonology, it is considered as only one vowel.

Here are they : [ai]; [ia]; [ei]; [aːi]; [ea]; [ae]; [aːe]

== Phonotactics ==
The Kallestiyes uses the following syllabic structure: ''(C)(C)V(C)(C)'' with ''C'' for consonants and ''V'' for vowels. The onset can be all the consonants previously shown, the nucleus is made with any vowels and the coda must be a consonant as well but not [j], [ʍ] or [w].

As a reminder, in the Kallestiyes sylabic structure, the first (C)(C) is optionnal and is the onset, V is the nucleus and must present and the last (C)(C) is the coda which is also optionnal.

There is a rule for the combination of two consonants in a onset and also in a coda.

* Coda: The allowed clusters coda that are allowed are : [ks], [sk], [gz], [ts], [st], [ŋg], [ŋk], [wn], [wk], [jn].

* Onset: The allowed clusters onset that are allowed are : [kn], [km], [ks], [sk], [gz], [ts], [st], [sn], [sm].

== Spelling ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Alternate Spelling
!Spelling
!Phoneme
|-
|
|f
|θ
|-
|
|v
|ð
|-
|
|hs
|ʃ
|-
|
|r
|ʒ
|-
|
|y
|j
|-
|
|ng
|ŋ
|-
|
|rw
|ʍ
|-
|
|aa
|aː
|-
|ll
|l
|l
|-
|tt
|t
|t
|-
|gg
|g
|g
|-
|nn
|n
|n
|-
|mm
|m
|m
|}

Kallestiyes Phonology

2023-03-05T18:34:27Z

Kinya: /* Phonotactics */

== Phonemes ==

=== Consonants ===
{| class="wikitable"
|
|Lab.
|Dental
|Alv.
|Postalv.
|Palat.
|Velar
|Glottal
|-
|Plosives
|p b
|
|t d
|
|
|k g
|
|-
|Nasals
|m
|
|n
|
|
|[ŋ] ng
|
|-
|Fricatives
|
|[θ] f

[ð] v
|s z
|[ʃ] hs

[ʒ] r
|
|[ʍ] rw
|h
|-
|Liquids
|
|
|l
|
|[j] y
|w
|
|}

=== Vowels ===
{| class="wikitable"
|
|Short
|Long
|-
|High
|i
|
|-
|Mid
|e
|
|-
|Low
|a
|[aː] aa
|}

=== Vowel Combinations ===
A Vowel combination is mix of 2 vowels. In Kallestiyes Phonology, it is considered as only one vowel.

Here are they : [ai]; [ia]; [ei]; [aːi]; [ea]; [ae]; [aːe]

== Phonotactics ==
* ll [l] - tt [t] - gg [g] - nn [n] - mm [m]
The Kallestiyes uses the following syllabic structure: ''(C)(C)V(C)(C)'' with ''C'' for consonants and ''V'' for vowels. The onset can be all the consonants previously shown, the nucleus is made with any vowels and the coda must be a consonant as well but not [j], [ʍ] or [w].

As a reminder, in the Kallestiyes sylabic structure, the first (C)(C) is optionnal and is the onset, V is the nucleus and must present and the last (C)(C) is the coda which is also optionnal.

There is a rule for the combination of two consonants in a onset and also in a coda.

* Coda: The allowed clusters coda that are allowed are : [ks], [sk], [gz], [ts], [st], [ŋg], [ŋk], [wn], [wk], [jn].

* Onset: The allowed clusters onset that are allowed are : [kn], [km], [ks], [sk], [gz], [ts], [st], [sn], [sm].

Kallestiyes Grammar

2023-03-05T18:06:33Z

Kinya: /* Adjectives */

== Syntax ==

=== Orders ===
* Word Order: Verb - Subject - Object
* Adjectives before nouns
* Articles after nouns
* Determiners after nouns
* Relative clauses after main clause

=== Pronouns ===
* Oblique is put as a prefix on the verb, the case is marked as a particle before the verb.

== Morphology ==

=== Nouns ===
Nouns are inflected in dative form and oblique form.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Dative
!Oblique
|-
| -(a)ngg
| -(e)nkk
|}
Nouns can be marked with postpositions.

* Definite Singular has no marks.
* Indefinite Singular is marked with particle before it : seh
* Definite Plural is marked with the particle before it : deh
* Indefinite Plural is marked with particle before it : iteh
* Demonstrative with : dreh
* Article generic with : emat

For Genitive, there isn’t any particle, but the Genitive is put after the noun.

=== Adjectives ===
Adjectives must follow the same ending as for nouns.

=== Verbs ===
See : [[Verb Conjugations]]

=== Pronouns ===
{| class="wikitable"
|Nominative
|Singular
|Plural
|-
|1
|ik
|ekef
|-
|2
| colspan="2" |senet
|-
|3 feminine
|yal
| rowspan="3" |selit
|-
|3 masculine
|sev
|-
|3 neuter
|sial
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|Oblique
|Singular
|Plural
|-
|1
|ik(se)-
|ek(se)-
|-
|2
| colspan="2" |sen(se)-
|-
|3 feminine
|yal(se)-
| rowspan="3" |sel(se)-
|-
|3 masculine
|sev(e)-
|-
|3 neuter
|sial(se)-
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|Possessive (Adv/Adj)
|Singular
|Plural
|-
|1
|ika
|ekiv
|-
|2
| colspan="2" |senik
|-
|3 feminine
|yetil
| rowspan="3" |tasah
|-
|3 masculine
|sevel
|-
|3 neuter
|silik
|}

== Postpositions ==
{| class="wikitable"
|Motion from
|fain
|-
|Motion via
|faas
|-
|Motion to
|fim
|-
|Location from (in distance of)
|fik
|-
|Location in
|fiek
|-
|Time ago
|war
|}

Kallestiyes

2023-03-05T17:57:13Z

Kinya: /* Numerals */

== Introduction ==
'''Kallestiyes''' is the language spoken by the [[Kastelar civilisation]] from the [[Kastel-Knia]] star system. They initially wrote and spoke this language until their transfer into the computer space. Kastelian writing ornates every Kastelar building including vehicles, mainly for posterity. Some kallestiyes writing can be seen on [[Reks Li']]<nowiki/>s body.

== Phonology ==
{{Main article|Kallestiyes Phonology}}

== Grammar ==
{{Main article|Kallestiyes Grammar}}

== Vocabulary ==
The complete vocabulary is available through a [https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/12lvkUdSCdCcvW54ps8fyGw3hOPWOvsVOGIvuFC8b-f0/edit?usp=sharing Google Spreadsheets]

== Numerals ==
{{Main article|Kallestiyes Numerals
}}

Kallestiyes Numerals

2023-03-05T17:55:02Z

Kinya: Created page with "=== Kallestiyes Numeral System === Kallestiyes' numbers use a base-12 numeral system. Each digit is grouped by 4, meaning <code>123 456 789</code> rather should be written <code>1 2345 6789</code>. {| class="wikitable" |0 tapen |1 avir |2 was |100 haset |- |3 titet |4 saer |5 knat |1 0000 knetet |- |6 minat |7 seret |8 eitet |1 0000 0000 hangen |- |9 nehset |10 (A) tenet |11 (B) erwes |1 0000 0000 0000 hahas |} ===Examples=== 1000: avirah haset 2A0B: tenet at wasah ha..."

=== Kallestiyes Numeral System ===
Kallestiyes' numbers use a base-12 numeral system.

Each digit is grouped by 4, meaning <code>123 456 789</code> rather should be written <code>1 2345 6789</code>.
{| class="wikitable"
|0
tapen
|1
avir
|2
was
|100
haset
|-
|3
titet
|4
saer
|5
knat
|1 0000
knetet
|-
|6
minat
|7
seret
|8
eitet
|1 0000 0000
hangen
|-
|9
nehset
|10 (A)
tenet
|11 (B)
erwes
|1 0000 0000 0000
hahas
|}
===Examples===
1000: avirah haset

2A0B: tenet at wasah haset erwes

19 A25B: nehset at avirah knetet was at tenetah haset erwes at knatah

Kallestiyes Grammar

2023-03-05T17:52:42Z

Kinya: /* Verbs */

== Syntax ==

=== Orders ===
* Word Order: Verb - Subject - Object
* Adjectives before nouns
* Articles after nouns
* Determiners after nouns
* Relative clauses after main clause

=== Pronouns ===
* Oblique is put as a prefix on the verb, the case is marked as a particle before the verb.

== Morphology ==

=== Nouns ===
All the nouns must end by <eh> in nominative form. <angg> in dative form. <engg> in oblique form and others EXCEPT for the noun reks and the noun lih.

Nouns can be marked with postpositions.

* Definite Singular has no marks.
* Indefinite Singular is marked with particle before it : seh
* Definite Plural is marked with the particle before it : deh
* Indefinite Plural is marked with particle before it : iteh
* Demonstrative with : dreh
* Article generic with : emat

For Genitive, there isn’t any particle, but the Genitive is put after the noun.

=== Adjectives ===
Adjectives must follow the same ending as for nouns, but they must start with yi(f)- to say it’s an adjective.

=== Verbs ===
See : [[Verb Conjugations]]

=== Pronouns ===
{| class="wikitable"
|Nominative
|Singular
|Plural
|-
|1
|ik
|ekef
|-
|2
| colspan="2" |senet
|-
|3 feminine
|yal
| rowspan="3" |selit
|-
|3 masculine
|sev
|-
|3 neuter
|sial
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|Oblique
|Singular
|Plural
|-
|1
|ik(se)-
|ek(se)-
|-
|2
| colspan="2" |sen(se)-
|-
|3 feminine
|yal(se)-
| rowspan="3" |sel(se)-
|-
|3 masculine
|sev(e)-
|-
|3 neuter
|sial(se)-
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|Possessive (Adv/Adj)
|Singular
|Plural
|-
|1
|ika
|ekiv
|-
|2
| colspan="2" |senik
|-
|3 feminine
|yetil
| rowspan="3" |tasah
|-
|3 masculine
|sevel
|-
|3 neuter
|silik
|}

== Postpositions ==
{| class="wikitable"
|Motion from
|fain
|-
|Motion via
|faas
|-
|Motion to
|fim
|-
|Location from (in distance of)
|fik
|-
|Location in
|fiek
|-
|Time ago
|war
|}

Verb Conjugations

2023-03-05T17:50:23Z

Kinya: Created page with "All verbs end by -ar as non-finite and dictionary form. Tenses + Aspects : {| class="wikitable" | |Unitary |Continuous |Habitual |- |Present | colspan="2" |* |<nowiki>-el</nowiki> |- |Past |<nowiki>-iv</nowiki> |<nowiki>-aav</nowiki> |<nowiki>-iet</nowiki> |- |Future |<nowiki>-is</nowiki> |<nowiki>-isk</nowiki> |<nowiki>-aask</nowiki> |}Participles: {| class="wikitable" |Present |Past |- |<nowiki>-al</nowiki> |<nowiki>-av</nowiki> |}Mood + Modal verbs (after the main ve..."

All verbs end by -ar as non-finite and dictionary form.

Tenses + Aspects :
{| class="wikitable"
|
|Unitary
|Continuous
|Habitual
|-
|Present
| colspan="2" |*
|<nowiki>-el</nowiki>
|-
|Past
|<nowiki>-iv</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-aav</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-iet</nowiki>
|-
|Future
|<nowiki>-is</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-isk</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-aask</nowiki>
|}Participles:
{| class="wikitable"
|Present
|Past
|-
|<nowiki>-al</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-av</nowiki>
|}Mood + Modal verbs (after the main verb):
{| class="wikitable"
|
|Abilitive
|Permissive
|Obligative (Imperative)
|May / Might / Would / Should
|-
|Affirmative
|sah
|gzat
|wis
|diar
|-
|Interrogative
|naf
|dang
|laas
|and
|-
|Negative
|ef
|def
|lef
|stef
|-
|Interrogative + Negative
|snef
|nif
|laaf
|staan
|}

Kallestiyes

2023-03-03T14:54:18Z

Kinya: /* Numerals */

== Introduction ==
Kastelian is the language spoken by the now defunct Kastelar civilisation in the Kastel star system. They initially wrote and spoke this language until their transfer into the computer space. Kastelian writing ornates every Kastelar building including vehicles, mainly for posterity.

== Phonology ==
See : [[Kallestiyes/Phono|Kallestiyes Phonology]]

== Grammar ==
See : [[Kallestiyes/Grammar|Kallestiyes Grammar]]

== Vocabulary ==
''See :'' https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/12lvkUdSCdCcvW54ps8fyGw3hOPWOvsVOGIvuFC8b-f0/edit?usp=sharing

== Numerals ==
Kallestiyes' Numerals System is a Base 12 Base System.

Unit system isn't based on three zeros but four zeros.
{| class="wikitable"
|0
tapen
|1
avir
|2
was
|100
haset
|-
|3
titet
|4
saer
|5
knat
|1 0000
knetet
|-
|6
minat
|7
seret
|8
eitet
|1 0000 0000

hangen
|-
|9
nehset
|1 (A)0
tenet
|11 (B)
erwes
|1 0000 0000 0000
hahas
|}

=== Examples ===
1000: avirah haset

2A0B: tenet at wasah haset erwes

19 A25B: nehset at avirah knetet was at tenetah haset erwes at knatah

Kallestiyes

2023-03-03T14:49:15Z

Kinya: /* Vocabulary */

== Introduction ==
Kastelian is the language spoken by the now defunct Kastelar civilisation in the Kastel star system. They initially wrote and spoke this language until their transfer into the computer space. Kastelian writing ornates every Kastelar building including vehicles, mainly for posterity.

== Phonology ==
See : [[Kallestiyes/Phono|Kallestiyes Phonology]]

== Grammar ==
See : [[Kallestiyes/Grammar|Kallestiyes Grammar]]

== Vocabulary ==
''See :'' https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/12lvkUdSCdCcvW54ps8fyGw3hOPWOvsVOGIvuFC8b-f0/edit?usp=sharing

== Numerals ==
Kallestiyes' Numerals System is a Base 12 Base System.

Unit system isn't based on three zeros but four zeros.
{| class="wikitable"
|0
tapen
|1
avir
|2
was
|1000
arirah haset
|-
|3
titet
|4
saer
|5
knat
|2A0B
tenet at wasah haset erwes
|-
|6
minat
|7
seret
|8
eitet
|10 A25B
nehset at arirah knetet was at tenetah haset erwes at knatah
|-
|9
nehset
|10
tenet
|11
erwes
|
|}