Kallestiyes Grammar: Difference between revisions

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== Syntax ==
== Syntax ==


* Word Order: Verb - Subject - Object  
=== Orders ===
* Adjectives before nouns
* Word Order: Verb - Subject - Object
* Articles after nouns
* AdjN - NArt - GenN - NounDet - MainRel (Clause) - NPoss
* Determiners after nouns
* Relative clauses after main clauses
* Oblique is put as a prefix on the verb, the case is marked as a particle before the verb.


== Nouns ==
== Morphology ==
All the nouns must end by <eh> in nominative form. <angg> in dative form. <engg> in oblique form and others EXCEPT for the noun reks and the noun lih.


Nouns can be marked with postpositions.
=== Nouns ===
 
* Definite Singular has no marks.
* Indefinite Singular is marked with particle before it : seh
* Definite Plural is marked with the particle before it : deh
* Indefinite Plural is marked with particle before it : iteh
* Demonstrative with : dreh
* Article generic with : emat
 
For Genitive, there isn’t any particle, but the Genitive is put after the noun.
 
== Adjectives ==
Adjectives must follow the same ending as for nouns, but they must start with yi(f)- to say it’s an adjective.
 
== Verbs ==
All verbs end by -ar in infinite and dictionary form.
 
Conjugate:
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|
|+
|Unitary
!Cases
|Continuous
!Nominative
|Habitual
!Oblique
!Dative
|-
|-
|Present
!-
| colspan="2" |*
|*
|<nowiki>-el</nowiki>
| -(y)nt
| -(ɛ)ɲ
|-
|-
|Past
!Genitive
|<nowiki>-iv</nowiki>
| -(z)i
|<nowiki>-aav</nowiki>
| -(y)nz
|<nowiki>-iet</nowiki>
| -(ɛ)lz
|-
|Future
|<nowiki>-is</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-isk</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-aask</nowiki>
|}
|}
Participles:
 
=== Determiners ===
 
==== Demonstrative ====
 
==== Articles ====
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|Present
!
|Past
!Indefinite
!Definite
!Generic
|-
|-
|<nowiki>-al</nowiki>
!Singular
|<nowiki>-av</nowiki>
|iʁʒ
|}
|*
Mood + Modal verbs (after the main verb):
| rowspan="2" |knɛʁ
{| class="wikitable"
|
|Abilitive
|Permissive
|Obligative (Imperative)
|May / Might / Would / Should
|-
|-
|Affirmative
!Plural
|sah
|iʁil
|gzat
|ðɛʁil
|wis
|diar
|-
|Interrogative
|naf
|dang
|laas
|and
|-
|Negative
|ef
|def
|lef
|stef
|-
|Interrogative + Negative
|snef
|nif
|laaf
|staan
|}
|}
=== Adjectives ===
Adjectives do not exist, but a noun can function like an adjective when it comes to describe a noun.
The nouns playing an adjective are put before the main noun.
=== Verbs ===
See : [[Verb Conjugations]]
=== Pronouns ===
{{Main article|Kallestiyes Pronouns}}
=== Compound Nouns ===
to make a compound noun, we have : 1. the first noun 2. the particle and 3. the second noun
* The particle is : χi
Here are some examples :
* a group of people :


== Pronouns ==
== Postpositions ==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|Nominative
!Motion from
|Singular
|ʃʁɛ
|Plural
|-
|1
|ik
|ekef
|-
|2
| colspan="2" |senet
|-
|3 feminine
|yal
| rowspan="3" |selit
|-
|3 masculine
|sev
|-
|-
|3 neuter
!Motion via
|sial
|ŋit
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|Oblique
|Singular
|Plural
|-
|1
|ik(se)-
|ek(se)-
|-
|2
| colspan="2" |sen(se)-
|-
|3 feminine
|yal(se)-
| rowspan="3" |sel(se)-
|-
|3 masculine
|sev(e)-
|-
|3 neuter
|sial(se)-
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|Possessive (Adv/Adj)
|Singular
|Plural
|-
|1
|ika
|ekiv
|-
|2
| colspan="2" |senik
|-
|3 feminine
|yetil
| rowspan="3" |tasah
|-
|3 masculine
|sevel
|-
|3 neuter
|silik
|}
 
== postpositions ==
{| class="wikitable"
|Motion from
|fain
|-
|-
|Motion via
!Motion to
|faas
|ɛst
|-
|-
|Motion to
!Location from (in distance of)
|fim
|knɛnt
|-
|-
|Location from (in distance of)
!Location in
|fik
|ynz
|-
|-
|Location in
!Time ago
|fiek
|χiʁs
|-
|-
|Time ago
!From ... to
|war
|... ʃʁɛ ... diln
|}
|}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kallestiyes Grammar}}

Latest revision as of 12:03, 8 March 2023

Syntax

Orders

  • Word Order: Verb - Subject - Object
  • AdjN - NArt - GenN - NounDet - MainRel (Clause) - NPoss

Morphology

Nouns

Cases Nominative Oblique Dative
- * -(y)nt -(ɛ)ɲ
Genitive -(z)i -(y)nz -(ɛ)lz

Determiners

Demonstrative

Articles

Indefinite Definite Generic
Singular iʁʒ * knɛʁ
Plural iʁil ðɛʁil

Adjectives

Adjectives do not exist, but a noun can function like an adjective when it comes to describe a noun.

The nouns playing an adjective are put before the main noun.

Verbs

See : Verb Conjugations

Pronouns

Main article: Kallestiyes Pronouns


Compound Nouns

to make a compound noun, we have : 1. the first noun 2. the particle and 3. the second noun

  • The particle is : χi

Here are some examples :

  • a group of people :

Postpositions

Motion from ʃʁɛ
Motion via ŋit
Motion to ɛst
Location from (in distance of) knɛnt
Location in ynz
Time ago χiʁs
From ... to ... ʃʁɛ ... diln
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