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| == Syntax == | | == Syntax == |
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| * Word Order: Verb - Subject - Object | | === Orders === |
| * Adjectives before nouns | | * Word Order: Verb - Subject - Object |
| * Articles after nouns
| | * AdjN - NArt - GenN - NounDet - MainRel (Clause) - NPoss |
| * Determiners after nouns
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| * Relative clauses after main clauses
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| * Oblique is put as a prefix on the verb, the case is marked as a particle before the verb.
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| == Nouns == | | == Morphology == |
| All the nouns must end by <eh> in nominative form. <angg> in dative form. <engg> in oblique form and others EXCEPT for the noun reks and the noun lih.
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| Nouns can be marked with postpositions.
| | === Nouns === |
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| * Definite Singular has no marks.
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| * Indefinite Singular is marked with particle before it : seh
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| * Definite Plural is marked with the particle before it : deh
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| * Indefinite Plural is marked with particle before it : iteh
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| * Demonstrative with : dreh
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| * Article generic with : emat
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| For Genitive, there isn’t any particle, but the Genitive is put after the noun.
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| == Adjectives == | |
| Adjectives must follow the same ending as for nouns, but they must start with yi(f)- to say it’s an adjective.
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| == Verbs == | |
| All verbs end by -ar in infinite and dictionary form.
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| Conjugate:
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| {| class="wikitable" | | {| class="wikitable" |
| | | | |+ |
| |Unitary
| | !Cases |
| |Continuous
| | !Nominative |
| |Habitual
| | !Oblique |
| | !Dative |
| |- | | |- |
| |Present | | !- |
| | colspan="2" |* | | |* |
| |<nowiki>-el</nowiki> | | | -(y)nt |
| | | -(ɛ)ɲ |
| |- | | |- |
| |Past
| | !Genitive |
| |<nowiki>-iv</nowiki>
| | | -(z)i |
| |<nowiki>-aav</nowiki>
| | | -(y)nz |
| |<nowiki>-iet</nowiki>
| | | -(ɛ)lz |
| |-
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| |Future
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| |<nowiki>-is</nowiki> | |
| |<nowiki>-isk</nowiki> | |
| |<nowiki>-aask</nowiki> | |
| |} | | |} |
| Participles:
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| | === Determiners === |
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| | ==== Demonstrative ==== |
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| | ==== Articles ==== |
| {| class="wikitable" | | {| class="wikitable" |
| |Present
| | ! |
| |Past
| | !Indefinite |
| | !Definite |
| | !Generic |
| |- | | |- |
| |<nowiki>-al</nowiki>
| | !Singular |
| |<nowiki>-av</nowiki> | | |iʁʒ |
| |} | | |* |
| Mood + Modal verbs (after the main verb):
| | | rowspan="2" |knɛʁ |
| {| class="wikitable"
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| |Abilitive
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| |Permissive
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| |Obligative (Imperative)
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| |May / Might / Would / Should | |
| |- | | |- |
| |Affirmative
| | !Plural |
| |sah
| | |iʁil |
| |gzat
| | |ðɛʁil |
| |wis
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| |diar
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| |-
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| |Interrogative
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| |naf
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| |dang
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| |laas
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| |and
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| |-
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| |Negative
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| |ef
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| |def
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| |lef
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| |stef
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| |-
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| |Interrogative + Negative
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| |snef
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| |nif
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| |laaf | |
| |staan | |
| |} | | |} |
| | === Adjectives === |
| | Adjectives do not exist, but a noun can function like an adjective when it comes to describe a noun. |
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| | The nouns playing an adjective are put before the main noun. |
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| | === Verbs === |
| | See : [[Verb Conjugations]] |
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| | === Pronouns === |
| | {{Main article|Kallestiyes Pronouns}} |
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| | === Compound Nouns === |
| | to make a compound noun, we have : 1. the first noun 2. the particle and 3. the second noun |
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| | * The particle is : χi |
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| | Here are some examples : |
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| | * a group of people : |
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| == Pronouns == | | == Postpositions == |
| {| class="wikitable" | | {| class="wikitable" |
| |Nominative
| | !Motion from |
| |Singular
| | |ʃʁɛ |
| |Plural
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| |-
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| |1
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| |ik
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| |ekef
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| |-
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| |2
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| | colspan="2" |senet
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| |-
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| |3 feminine
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| |yal
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| | rowspan="3" |selit
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| |-
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| |3 masculine
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| |sev | |
| |- | | |- |
| |3 neuter
| | !Motion via |
| |sial
| | |ŋit |
| |}
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |Oblique
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| |Singular
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| |Plural
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| |-
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| |1
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| |ik(se)-
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| |ek(se)-
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| |-
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| |2
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| | colspan="2" |sen(se)-
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| |-
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| |3 feminine
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| |yal(se)-
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| | rowspan="3" |sel(se)-
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| |-
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| |3 masculine
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| |sev(e)-
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| |-
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| |3 neuter
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| |sial(se)-
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| |}
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |Possessive (Adv/Adj)
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| |Singular
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| |Plural
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| |-
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| |1
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| |ika
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| |ekiv
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| |-
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| |2
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| | colspan="2" |senik
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| |-
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| |3 feminine
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| |yetil
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| | rowspan="3" |tasah
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| |-
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| |3 masculine
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| |sevel
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| |-
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| |3 neuter
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| |silik
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| |}
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| == postpositions ==
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |Motion from
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| |fain | |
| |- | | |- |
| |Motion via
| | !Motion to |
| |faas | | |ɛst |
| |- | | |- |
| |Motion to
| | !Location from (in distance of) |
| |fim | | |knɛnt |
| |- | | |- |
| |Location from (in distance of)
| | !Location in |
| |fik | | |ynz |
| |- | | |- |
| |Location in
| | !Time ago |
| |fiek | | |χiʁs |
| |- | | |- |
| |Time ago
| | !From ... to |
| |war | | |... ʃʁɛ ... diln |
| |} | | |} |
| {{DEFAULTSORT:Kallestiyes Grammar}}
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