Verb Conjugations: Difference between revisions
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
All the verbs in non-finite and dictionnary form, end with - | All the verbs in non-finite and dictionnary form, end with -iθ | ||
== Tenses & Aspects == | == Tenses & Aspects == | ||
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!Present | !Present | ||
| colspan="2" |* | | colspan="2" |* | ||
| | | rowspan="3" | -igʒ | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Past | !Past | ||
| | | -iʁk | ||
| | | -ɛʃt | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Future | !Future | ||
| | | -iχ | ||
| | | -ɛkʃ | ||
|} | |} | ||
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!Past | !Past | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | -iː | ||
| | | -yð | ||
|} | |} | ||
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{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+ | |+ | ||
!Moods | ! colspan="2" |Moods | ||
! | ! colspan="2" |Modality | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Affirmative | !Affirmative | ||
| | |* | ||
!Declarative | !Declarative | ||
| | |* | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Imperative | !Imperative | ||
| | |ŋi | ||
!Abilitive | !Abilitive | ||
| | |ɛhi | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Interrogative | !Interrogative | ||
| | |hyʁ | ||
!Permissive | !Permissive | ||
| | |wɛts | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Conditionnal | !Conditionnal | ||
| | |yχɛ | ||
!Desirative | !Desirative | ||
| | |ninʃ | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Subjunctive | !Subjunctive | ||
| | |yχɛ | ||
!Likelihood | !Likelihood | ||
| | |ɛjd | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! | ||
| | | | ||
!Obligative | !Obligative | ||
| | |ŋi | ||
|} | |} | ||
If there is the evidentiality particle, it is put before the verb and the evidentiality particle after, otherwise it is put after the verb. | If there is the evidentiality particle, it is put before the verb and the evidentiality particle after, otherwise it is put after the verb. | ||
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Evidentiality is emitted with a particle, it is not mixed with the other moods. | Evidentiality is emitted with a particle, it is not mixed with the other moods. | ||
* The particle is : | * The particle is : yŋ | ||
== Feeling & Avatar Verbs == | == Feeling & Avatar Verbs == | ||
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In grammar, a '''reflexive verb''' is, loosely, a verb whose direct object is the same as its subject; for example, "I wash myself". | In grammar, a '''reflexive verb''' is, loosely, a verb whose direct object is the same as its subject; for example, "I wash myself". | ||
To make a verb, a reflexive verb, we have to put the prefix ''-'' on the verb and then we don't need the object because the subject '''is''' the object. | To make a verb, a reflexive verb, we have to put the prefix gi(ʁ)''-'' on the verb and then we don't need the object because the subject '''is''' the object. | ||
== Ditransitive Verbs == | == Ditransitive Verbs == | ||
Latest revision as of 12:16, 8 March 2023
All the verbs in non-finite and dictionnary form, end with -iθ
Tenses & Aspects
| Unitary | Continuous | Habitual | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Present | * | -igʒ | |
| Past | -iʁk | -ɛʃt | |
| Future | -iχ | -ɛkʃ | |
Participles
| Present | Past |
|---|---|
| -iː | -yð |
Modality & Moods
The emission of modality and moods works in an agglutinative way.
The modality and the mood are put both side by side.
| Moods | Modality | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Affirmative | * | Declarative | * |
| Imperative | ŋi | Abilitive | ɛhi |
| Interrogative | hyʁ | Permissive | wɛts |
| Conditionnal | yχɛ | Desirative | ninʃ |
| Subjunctive | yχɛ | Likelihood | ɛjd |
| Obligative | ŋi | ||
If there is the evidentiality particle, it is put before the verb and the evidentiality particle after, otherwise it is put after the verb.
Evidential
Evidentiality is emitted with a particle, it is not mixed with the other moods.
- The particle is : yŋ
Feeling & Avatar Verbs
Common verbs inflect with feelings. it's an important way to communicate, in addition that the punctuation has disappeared.
The inflection with feelings works in a agglutinative way to perceive all the emotions that are wanted to be emitted.
Voices
Kallestiyes hasn't passive voice, but active voice and impersonal passive voice.
Reflexive Verb
In grammar, a reflexive verb is, loosely, a verb whose direct object is the same as its subject; for example, "I wash myself".
To make a verb, a reflexive verb, we have to put the prefix gi(ʁ)- on the verb and then we don't need the object because the subject is the object.
Ditransitive Verbs
In grammar, a ditransitive (or bitransitive) verb is a transitive verb whose contextual use corresponds to a subject and two objects which refer to a theme and a recipient. In languages which mark grammatical case, it is common to differentiate the objects of a ditransitive verb using, for example, the accusative case for the direct object, and the dative case for the indirect object. Kallestiyes does differientiate the objects of a ditransitive verb : The direct object is marked in the accusative case and indirect object, dative case. The indirect object is mostly before the direct object, however the oblique pronoun is put as a prefix on the verb and the indirect object remains.
Attributive Ditransitive Verbs
The first object is a direct object. The second object is an object complement which take the same case as for the nominative case.