58
edits
Verb Conjugations: Difference between revisions
→Tenses & Aspects
No edit summary |
|||
| (4 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
All the verbs in non-finite and dictionnary form, end with - | All the verbs in non-finite and dictionnary form, end with -iθ | ||
== Tenses & Aspects == | == Tenses & Aspects == | ||
| Line 10: | Line 10: | ||
!Present | !Present | ||
| colspan="2" |* | | colspan="2" |* | ||
| | | rowspan="3" | -igʒ | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Past | !Past | ||
| | | -iʁk | ||
| | | -ɛʃt | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Future | !Future | ||
| | | -iχ | ||
| | | -ɛkʃ | ||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 28: | Line 26: | ||
!Past | !Past | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | -iː | ||
| | | -yð | ||
|} | |} | ||
== Modality & Moods == | == Modality & Moods == | ||
The emission of modality and moods works in an agglutinative way. | |||
The modality and the mood are put both side by side. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+ | |||
! colspan="2" |Moods | |||
! colspan="2" |Modality | |||
! | |||
! | |||
|- | |- | ||
!Affirmative | !Affirmative | ||
|* | |* | ||
| | !Declarative | ||
| | |* | ||
| | |- | ||
!Imperative | |||
| | |ŋi | ||
!Abilitive | |||
|ɛhi | |||
|- | |- | ||
!Interrogative | !Interrogative | ||
| | |hyʁ | ||
| | !Permissive | ||
| | |wɛts | ||
| | |- | ||
!Conditionnal | |||
| | |yχɛ | ||
!Desirative | |||
|ninʃ | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | !Subjunctive | ||
| | |yχɛ | ||
!Likelihood | |||
|ɛjd | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! | ||
| | | | ||
!Obligative | |||
|ŋi | |||
|} | |} | ||
If there is the evidentiality particle, it is put before the verb and the evidentiality particle after, otherwise it is put after the verb. | If there is the evidentiality particle, it is put before the verb and the evidentiality particle after, otherwise it is put after the verb. | ||
| Line 79: | Line 74: | ||
Evidentiality is emitted with a particle, it is not mixed with the other moods. | Evidentiality is emitted with a particle, it is not mixed with the other moods. | ||
* The particle is : | * The particle is : yŋ | ||
== Feeling & Avatar Verbs == | == Feeling & Avatar Verbs == | ||
Common verbs inflect with feelings. it's an important way to communicate, in addition that the punctuation has disappeared. | Common verbs inflect with feelings. it's an important way to communicate, in addition that the punctuation has disappeared. | ||
The inflection with feelings | The inflection with feelings works in a agglutinative way to perceive all the emotions that are wanted to be emitted. | ||
== Voices == | |||
'''Kallestiyes''' hasn't passive voice, but active voice and impersonal passive voice. | |||
== Reflexive Verb == | |||
In grammar, a '''reflexive verb''' is, loosely, a verb whose direct object is the same as its subject; for example, "I wash myself". | |||
To make a verb, a reflexive verb, we have to put the prefix gi(ʁ)''-'' on the verb and then we don't need the object because the subject '''is''' the object. | |||
== Ditransitive Verbs == | |||
In grammar, a '''ditransitive''' (or '''bitransitive''') '''verb''' is a transitive verb whose contextual use corresponds to a subject and two objects which refer to a theme and a recipient. In languages which mark grammatical case, it is common to differentiate the objects of a ditransitive verb using, for example, the accusative case for the direct object, and the dative case for the indirect object. Kallestiyes does differientiate the objects of a ditransitive verb : The direct object is marked in the accusative case and indirect object, dative case. The indirect object is mostly before the direct object, however the oblique pronoun is put as a prefix on the verb and the indirect object remains. | |||
=== Attributive Ditransitive Verbs === | |||
The first object is a direct object. The second object is an object complement which take the same case as for the nominative case. | |||