Kallestiyes Phonology: Difference between revisions

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[[Kallestiyes]] phonology is thought to be uncommon and relatively exotic compared to existing human languages.
== Phonemes ==
== Phonemes ==
The tables below show all the phonemes used in the kallestiyes language.


=== Consonants ===
=== Consonants ===
The following consonant inventory has a regular size, but this collection of phoneme is really uncommon in existing human languages.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|
!
|Lab.
!Dentals
|Dental
!Alveolars
|Alv.
!Postalveolars
|Postalv.
!Palatals
|Palat.
!Velars
|Velar
!Uvular
|Glottal
!Glottals
|-
|-
|Plosives
!Plosives
|p b
|
|
|t d
|t d
Line 20: Line 23:
|k g
|k g
|
|
|ʔ
|-
|-
|Nasals
!Nasals
|m
|
|
|n
|n
|
|
|ɲ
|ŋ
|
|
|[ŋ] ng
|
|
|-
|-
|Fricatives
!Fricatives
|θ ð
|s z
|ʃ ʒ
|
|
|[θ] f
[ð] v
|s z
|[ʃ] hs
[ʒ] r
|
|
|[ʍ] rw
|χ ʁ
|h
|h
|-
|-
|Liquids
!Liquids
|
|
|
|l
|l
|
|
|[j] y
|j
|w
|w
|
|
|
|}
|}


=== Vowels ===
=== Vowels ===
The reduced set of vowels is mostly caused by the primitive nature of the [[Kastelar civilisation]].
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|
!
|Short
!Unrounded
|Long
!Rounded
|-
|-
|High
!High
|i
|i (ː)
|
|y (ː)
|-
|-
|Mid
!Mid
|e
|ɛ (ː)
|
|
|-
|Low
|a
|[aː] aa
|}
|}
=== Diphthongs ===
Diphthongs are: ai; ia; ei; aai; ea; ae; aae


== Phonotactics ==
== Phonotactics ==
* Syllabic Structure : (C)(C)V(C)(C)
The Kallestiyes uses the following syllabic structure: ''(C)(C)V(C)(C)'' with ''C'' for consonants and ''V'' for vowels. The onset can be all the consonants previously shown, the nucleus is made with any vowels and the coda must be a consonant as well but not [h] and [ʔ]
* The onset are: all the consonants; Nucleus: all the vowels; Coda: all except [j], [ʍ], [w]
* Cluster coda are the usual simple clusters as : [ks], [sk], [gz], [ks], [ts], [st], [ŋg]. [w] is allowed before [n], [k] and [s]
* ll [l] - tt [t] - gg [g] - nn [n] - mm [m]
The Kallestiyes uses the following syllabic structure: ''(C)(C)V(C)(C)'' with ''C'' for consonants and ''V'' for vowels. The onset can be all the consonants previously shown, the nucleus is made with any vowels and the coda must be a consonant as well but not [j], [ʍ] or [w].


As a reminder, in the Kallestiyes sylabic structure, the first (C)(C) is optionnal and is the onset, V is the nucleus and must present and the last (C)(C) is the coda which is also optionnal.
As a reminder, in the Kallestiyes sylabic structure, the first (C)(C) is optionnal and is the onset, V is the nucleus and must present and the last (C)(C) is the coda which is also optionnal.
=== Onset Combinations ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!
! colspan="13" |Second
|-
!First
!'''t'''
!'''d'''
!'''k'''
!n
!'''g'''
!'''s'''
!'''z'''
!'''ʃ'''
!'''ʒ'''
!'''χ'''
!'''ʁ'''
!'''l'''
!'''j'''
|-
!'''t'''
| -
| -
| -
|•
| -
|•
| -
|•
| -
|•
|•
| -
|•
|-
!'''d'''
| -
| -
| -
| •
| •
| -
|•
| -
|•
| -
|•
| -
|•
|-
!'''k'''
|•
| -
| -
|•
| -
|•
| -
|•
| -
| -
|•
|•
|•
|-
!'''g'''
| -
| -
| -
|•
| -
| -
|•
| -
|•
| -
|•
|•
|•
|-
!'''s'''
|•
| -
|•
|•
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|•
|•
|•
|-
!'''z'''
| -
|•
| -
|•
|•
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|•
|•
|•
|-
!'''ʃ'''
|•
| -
|•
|•
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|•
| -
|•
|-
!'''ʒ'''
| -
| -
| -
|•
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|•
|•
|•
|-
!'''ʁ'''
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|•
|-
!'''l'''
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|•
|}
=== Coda Combinations ===
{| class="wikitable"
!
! colspan="9" |Second
|-
!First
!'''t'''
!'''d'''
!'''k'''
!n
!'''g'''
!'''s'''
!'''z'''
!'''ʃ'''
!'''ʒ'''
|-
!'''t'''
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|•
| -
|•
| -
|-
!'''d'''
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|•
| -
|•
|-
!'''k'''
|•
| -
| -
| -
| -
|•
| -
|•
| -
|-
!n
|•
|•
|~ŋk
| -
|~ŋg
|•
|•
|•
|•
|-
!'''g'''
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|•
| -
|•
|-
!'''s'''
|•
| -
|•
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
!'''z'''
| -
|•
| -
| -
|•
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
!'''ʃ'''
|•
| -
|•
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
!'''ʁ'''
|•
|•
|•
|•
|•
|•
|•
|•
|•
|-
!'''l'''
| •
| •
| •
|•
| •
| •
| -
| •
| •
|-
!'''j'''
| •
| •
| •
|•
| •
| •
| •
| •
| •
|}

Latest revision as of 12:46, 8 March 2023

Kallestiyes phonology is thought to be uncommon and relatively exotic compared to existing human languages.

Phonemes

The tables below show all the phonemes used in the kallestiyes language.

Consonants

The following consonant inventory has a regular size, but this collection of phoneme is really uncommon in existing human languages.

Dentals Alveolars Postalveolars Palatals Velars Uvular Glottals
Plosives t d k g ʔ
Nasals n ɲ ŋ
Fricatives θ ð s z ʃ ʒ χ ʁ h
Liquids l j w

Vowels

The reduced set of vowels is mostly caused by the primitive nature of the Kastelar civilisation.

Unrounded Rounded
High i (ː) y (ː)
Mid ɛ (ː)

Phonotactics

The Kallestiyes uses the following syllabic structure: (C)(C)V(C)(C) with C for consonants and V for vowels. The onset can be all the consonants previously shown, the nucleus is made with any vowels and the coda must be a consonant as well but not [h] and [ʔ]

As a reminder, in the Kallestiyes sylabic structure, the first (C)(C) is optionnal and is the onset, V is the nucleus and must present and the last (C)(C) is the coda which is also optionnal.

Onset Combinations

Second
First t d k n g s z ʃ ʒ χ ʁ l j
t - - - • - • - • - • • - •
d - - - • • - • - • - • - •
k • - - • - • - • - - • • •
g - - - • - - • - • - • • •
s • - • • - - - - - - • • •
z - • - • • - - - - - • • •
ʃ • - • • - - - - - - • - •
ʒ - - - • - - - - - - • • •
ʁ - - - - - - - - - - - - •
l - - - - - - - - - - - - •

Coda Combinations

Second
First t d k n g s z ʃ ʒ
t - - - - - • - • -
d - - - - - - • - •
k • - - - - • - • -
n • • ~ŋk - ~ŋg • • • •
g - - - - - - • - •
s • - • - - - - - -
z - • - - • - - - -
ʃ • - • - - - - - -
ʁ • • • • • • • • •
l • • • • • • - • •
j • • • • • • • • •
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