Verb Conjugations: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 12:16, 8 March 2023

All the verbs in non-finite and dictionnary form, end with -iθ

Tenses & Aspects

	Unitary	Continuous	Habitual
Present	*		-igʒ
Past	-iʁk	-ɛʃt
Future	-iχ	-ɛkʃ

Participles

Present	Past
-iː	-yð

Modality & Moods

The emission of modality and moods works in an agglutinative way.

The modality and the mood are put both side by side.


Moods		Modality
Affirmative	*	Declarative	*
Imperative	ŋi	Abilitive	ɛhi
Interrogative	hyʁ	Permissive	wɛts
Conditionnal	yχɛ	Desirative	ninʃ
Subjunctive	yχɛ	Likelihood	ɛjd
		Obligative	ŋi

If there is the evidentiality particle, it is put before the verb and the evidentiality particle after, otherwise it is put after the verb.

Evidential

Evidentiality is emitted with a particle, it is not mixed with the other moods.

The particle is : yŋ

Feeling & Avatar Verbs

Common verbs inflect with feelings. it's an important way to communicate, in addition that the punctuation has disappeared.

The inflection with feelings works in a agglutinative way to perceive all the emotions that are wanted to be emitted.

Voices

Kallestiyes hasn't passive voice, but active voice and impersonal passive voice.

Reflexive Verb

In grammar, a reflexive verb is, loosely, a verb whose direct object is the same as its subject; for example, "I wash myself".

To make a verb, a reflexive verb, we have to put the prefix gi(ʁ)- on the verb and then we don't need the object because the subject is the object.

Ditransitive Verbs

In grammar, a ditransitive (or bitransitive) verb is a transitive verb whose contextual use corresponds to a subject and two objects which refer to a theme and a recipient. In languages which mark grammatical case, it is common to differentiate the objects of a ditransitive verb using, for example, the accusative case for the direct object, and the dative case for the indirect object. Kallestiyes does differientiate the objects of a ditransitive verb : The direct object is marked in the accusative case and indirect object, dative case. The indirect object is mostly before the direct object, however the oblique pronoun is put as a prefix on the verb and the indirect object remains.

Attributive Ditransitive Verbs

The first object is a direct object. The second object is an object complement which take the same case as for the nominative case.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-All verbs end by -ar as non-finite and dictionary form.
+All the verbs in non-finite and dictionnary form, end with -iθ
-Tenses + Aspects :
+== Tenses & Aspects ==
 {| class="wikitable"
-|
+!
-|Unitary
+!Unitary
-|Continuous
+!Continuous
-|Habitual
+!Habitual
 |-
-|Present
+!Present
 | colspan="2" |*
-|<nowiki>-el</nowiki>
+| rowspan="3" | -igʒ
 |-
-|Past
+!Past
-|<nowiki>-iv</nowiki>
+| -iʁk
-|<nowiki>-aav</nowiki>
+| -ɛʃt
-|<nowiki>-iet</nowiki>
 |-
-|Future
+!Future
-|<nowiki>-is</nowiki>
+| -iχ
-|<nowiki>-isk</nowiki>
+| -ɛkʃ
-|<nowiki>-aask</nowiki>
+|}
-|}Participles:
+== Participles ==
 {| class="wikitable"
-|Present
+!Present
-|Past
+!Past
 |-
-|<nowiki>-al</nowiki>
+| -iː
-|<nowiki>-av</nowiki>
+| -yð
-|}Mood + Modal verbs (after the main verb):
+|}
+== Modality & Moods ==
+The emission of modality and moods works in an agglutinative way.
+The modality and the mood are put both side by side.
 {| class="wikitable"
-|
+|+
-|Abilitive
+! colspan="2" |Moods
-|Permissive
+! colspan="2" |Modality
-|Obligative (Imperative)
+|-
-|May / Might / Would / Should
+!Affirmative
+|*
+!Declarative
+|*
+|-
+!Imperative
+|ŋi
+!Abilitive
+|ɛhi
 |-
-|Affirmative
+!Interrogative
-|sah
+|hyʁ
-|gzat
+!Permissive
-|wis
+|wɛts
-|diar
 |-
-|Interrogative
+!Conditionnal
-|naf
+|yχɛ
-|dang
+!Desirative
-|laas
+|ninʃ
-|and
 |-
-|Negative
+!Subjunctive
-|ef
+|yχɛ
-|def
+!Likelihood
-|lef
+|ɛjd
-|stef
 |-
-|Interrogative + Negative
+!
-|snef
+|
-|nif
+!Obligative
-|laaf
+|ŋi
-|staan
 |}
+If there is the evidentiality particle, it is put before the verb and the evidentiality particle after, otherwise it is put after the verb.
+=== Evidential ===
+Evidentiality is emitted with a particle, it is not mixed with the other moods.
+* The particle is : yŋ
+== Feeling & Avatar Verbs ==
+Common verbs inflect with feelings. it's an important way to communicate, in addition that the punctuation has disappeared.
+The inflection with feelings works in a agglutinative way to perceive all the emotions that are wanted to be emitted.
+== Voices ==
+'''Kallestiyes''' hasn't passive voice, but active voice and impersonal passive voice.
+== Reflexive Verb ==
+In grammar, a '''reflexive verb''' is, loosely, a verb whose direct object is the same as its subject; for example, "I wash myself".
+To make a verb, a reflexive verb, we have to put the prefix gi(ʁ)''-'' on the verb and then we don't need the object because the subject '''is''' the object.
+== Ditransitive Verbs ==
+In grammar, a '''ditransitive''' (or '''bitransitive''') '''verb''' is a transitive verb whose contextual use corresponds to a subject and two objects which refer to a theme and a recipient. In languages which mark grammatical case, it is common to differentiate the objects of a ditransitive verb using, for example, the accusative case for the direct object, and the dative case for the indirect object. Kallestiyes does differientiate the objects of a ditransitive verb : The direct object is marked in the accusative case and indirect object, dative case. The indirect object is mostly before the direct object, however the oblique pronoun is put as a prefix on the verb and the indirect object remains.
+=== Attributive Ditransitive Verbs ===
+The first object is a direct object. The second object is an object complement which take the same case as for the nominative case.